Ukuhambisana kwesifundi sekhadi nabasebenzi bezicabha abazenzakalelayo kuyanqotshwa noma kuyalahleka ngamaphuzu amathathu: iphrothokholi, izintambo, kanye nesikhathi sokudlulisa. Yenza lokhu kube yikho ukuhlanganiswa kuthatha imizuzu engama-90 - kuthole kabi futhi uzolandela ukwehluleka ngezikhathi ezithile amasonto.

Kungani Ukuhlanganiswa Kokulawula Ukufinyelela Kuhluleka — Futhi Kungani Kungavamile Ukuba Yiphutha Lomqhubi Weminyango

Igama lami ngingu-Edison, futhi ngiphatha imibuzo yephrojekthi yomhlaba wonke kanye nezixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ze-OEM/ODM kwa-Ningbo Yufan Beifan Automatic Door Co., Ltd. Ngichithe iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi ngisiza abasabalalisi kanye namakhasimende okuthenga amaphrojekthi ukuhlanganisa opharetha beminyango abazenzakalelayo nezinhlelo zokulawula ukufinyelela - izifundi zamakhadi, izikena ze-biometric, izinhlelo zokufaka ikhiphedi, kanye namayunithi okukhipha iminyango asekelwe ku-intercom. Ngaleso sikhathi, ngibone izinkinga ezifanayo zokuhlanganisa ziphindaphinda emakhulwini amaphrojekthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isilawuli sokufinyelela siyi-HID EdgeReader engu-$200 noma iphaneli yebhizinisi engu-$5,000 ye-LenelS2.

Iphethini iyafana njalo: umfakisi uxhumanisa umphumela womfundi wekhadi nokufakwa komqhubi womnyango. Kusebenza ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ngemva kwamasonto amathathu, umnyango uyahluleka ukuvula ngezikhathi ezithile ngesitifiketi esivumelekile - noma okubi nakakhulu, uhlala uvuliwe unomphela. Umnikazi wesakhiwo usola umqhubi womnyango. Kuthunyelwa uchwepheshe. Umqhubi womnyango uhlola kahle kakhulu.Ngoba inkinga iyenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile futhi umqhubi womnyango udlula yonke inkinga yokuxilonga emele, ngakho-ke imbangela eyinhloko — ukuxhuma, iphrothokholi, noma ukungafani kwesikhathi emngceleni wokuhlanganiswa — ayitholakali amasonto.

Ngifuna ukuchaza kahle ukuthi ngingakuvimbela kanjani lokhu. Okulandelayo yinkomba yokuhlanganiswa engiyithumela kubo bonke abafaki ngaphambi kokuba baxhumanise isifundi sekhadi lethuUmsebenzisi womnyango oshelelayo we-YF150 ozenzakalelayo— noma yimuphi umqhubi womnyango ozenzakalelayo, ngaleyo ndaba.Ngoba isikhombikubona sesignali phakathi kokulawula ukufinyelela kanye nokwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo kweminyango kujwayelekile kulo lonke imboni, ngakho-ke izimiso lapha ziyasebenza kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa yiphi imishini yomkhiqizi.

Izixhumanisi Ezintathu Zokuhlanganisa: Iphrothokholi, Ukuxhumanisa, kanye Nesikhathi

Ukuhlanganiswa ngakunye komsebenzisi wekhadi ofunda ikhadi endlini kuhilela ama-interface amathathu ahlukene. Kufanele wonke abe afanele ukuze uhlelo lusebenze ngokwethembeka. Ngizokhuluma ngakunye ngokuningiliziwe.

Isixhumi #1: Iphrothokholi — i-Wiegand vs. i-OSDP vs. i-RS-485

Le phrothokholi inquma indlela umfundi wekhadi axhumana ngayo nesilawuli sokufinyelela — kanye, ngokulandelana, indlela isilawuli sokufinyelela esitshela ngayo umqhubi womnyango ukuthi avule.Ngoba i-Wiegand ibilokhu iyiphrothokholi yokulawula ukufinyelela evelele kusukela ngawo-1980, ngakho-ke cishe ama-85% abafundi bamakhadi abafakiwe ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano basasebenzisa i-Wiegand. Kuyiphrothokholi elula, eqondiswayo: umfundi uthumela idatha yokuqinisekisa kumlawuli ngentambo ye-DATA0/DATA1. Isilawuli siqinisekisa ubufakazi bokuqinisekisa futhi sinikeze amandla umphumela wokudlulisela. Umqhubi womnyango ubona ukuvalwa kokudlulisela bese evula.

Ubulula bukaWiegand bungumandla ayo — kanye nobuthakathaka bayo. Idlulisela idatha yokuqinisekisa ngombhalo ocacile, ayinakho ukubethela, futhi ayinikezi impendulo evela kumlawuli kumfundi. Uma umfundi ephazanyiswa noma izintambo zocingo ziphazamisekile, isilawuli singase singazi. YingakhoI-SIA(Inhlangano Yezimboni Zokuphepha) yasungulwaI-OSDP (Iphrothokholi Yedivayisi Evuliwe Eqondisiwe), esebenzisa ukuxhumana kwe-RS-485 ngezintambo ezimbili ngokubethela kwe-AES-128 kanye nokuqapha okuqondiswayo.

Kumhlanganisi womqhubi womnyango, ukuhlukaniswa kwephrothokholi kubalulekile ngendlela eyodwa ethize:Abalawuli be-OSDP bangabika isimo sendawo yomnyango emuva ohlelweni lokulawula ukufinyelelaUma umqhubi womnyango enomphumela wesenzi sendawo yomnyango (i-YF150 yethu inayo — iswishi yomhlanga eqhutshwa amandla kazibuthe evala lapho umnyango ufika endaweni evulekile ngokuphelele), isilawuli se-OSDP singaqapha ukuthi umnyango uvuleke ngempela yini ngemva kokuba kwethulwe isitifiketi esivumelekile. Nge-Wiegand, isilawuli sinika amandla i-relay futhi sicabange ukuthi umnyango uvuliwe — asinandlela yokuqinisekisa.

Isixhumi #2: Ukuxhumanisa izintambo — Ukuxhumana Okuwomile, Ukuphuma Okunamandla, kanye Nokucushwa Okujwayelekile Okuthathu

Yilapho ngibona khona amaphutha amaningi okuxhuma izintambo ensimini. Ukuphuma kwe-relay kwesilawuli sokufinyelela kanye nokufakwa kwe-trigger ye-operator yomnyango kumele kuvumelane ngohlobo lwesignali. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ezijwayelekile zokucushwa:

Ukucushwa A: Ukuthintana Okuomile, Ngokuvamile Kuvuliwe (CHA) — I-Universal Standard.Isilawuli sokufinyelela sinikeza ukuxhumana kwe-relay okungenawo ugesi okuvala okwesikhashana (ngokuvamile imizuzwana eyi-1-5) uma sekufundiwe iziqinisekiso ezivumelekile. Ukufakwa kwe-trigger yomqhubi womnyango kulungiselelwe ukuvalwa kokuxhumana okomile. Lapho i-relay ivala, umqhubi womnyango ubona ukuvalwa kokuxhumana bese eqala umjikelezo ovulekile. Lokhu ukucushwa okusetshenziswa cishe yi-80% yokufakwa futhi kusekelwa yiwo wonke umqhubi womnyango ozenzakalelayo engake ngahlangana naye, kufaka phakathi wonke amamodeli ethuUhla lwemikhiqizo ye-YFBF.

Ukuxhuma izintambo kulula: ama-conductor amabili kusukela ku-relay output yesilawuli sokufinyelela (NO kanye ne-COM) kuya kuma-terminals okufaka i-trigger opharetha womnyango. Yilokho kuphela.Ngoba i-relay inikeza ukuhlukaniswa kwe-galvanic phakathi kwesilawuli sokufinyelela kanye nomsebenzisi womnyango, ngakho-ke izihibe zomhlabathi, ukungalingani kwamandla kagesi, kanye nokuxhumanisa umsindo kagesi — imithombo emithathu evame kakhulu yokwehluleka kokuhlanganiswa okungapheli — kuyasuswa yilokhu kulungiselelwa.

Ukucushwa B: Ukuphuma Okunamandla (12V noma 24V DC).Ezinye izilawuli zokufinyelela — ikakhulukazi amamodeli amadala kanye nezinhlelo ezithile zokungena ezisekelwe ku-intercom — zikhipha isignali enikwe amandla esikhundleni sokuxhumana okomile. Isibonelo, isilawuli sisebenzisa i-12V DC kuntambo ye-trigger isikhathi sokuvulwa. Uma umqhubi womnyango elungiselelwe ukufaka kokuxhumana okomile futhi ethola isignali enikwe amandla, umphumela ungasukela ekusebenzeni ngezikhathi ezithile kuya ekulimaleni okungapheli kwesekethe yokufaka. Ngishintshe amabhodi okulawula omqhubi womnyango amathathu eminyakeni emibili edlule ngoba abafaki baxhuma ukuphuma okunikwe amandla kokufaka kokuxhumana okomile ngaphandle kokuhlola i-voltage.

Ukucushwa C: Ukuphepha Okungaphumeleli / Ukuphepha Okungaphumeleli Ngokusebenzisa I-Alarm Yomlilo.Ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano, uhlelo lwe-alamu yomlilo kumele lukwazi ukudlula ukulawula kokufinyelela futhi luphoqelele iminyango ukuthi ivuleke ukuze iphume. Lokhu kudinga ukufakwa okuhlukile kwesiqalisi ku-opharetha womnyango — i-terminal ye-alamu yomlilo (i-FAI), lapho inikwe amandla noma incishisiwe amandla (kuye ngokuthi ilungiselelwe kanjani), iphoqa umnyango ukuthi uvuleke futhi uhlale uvulekile kuze kube yilapho isimo se-alamu yomlilo siphela.Ngoba amakhodi omlilo ezindaweni eziningi adinga ukuthi iminyango ezenzakalelayo ivuleke ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho i-alamu yomlilo isebenza., ngakho-ke izintambo ze-FAI kumele ziqinisekiswe ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuhlolwa kwe-alamu yomlilo yangempela - hhayi nje ukuhlolwa kokuqhubeka. Izinga le-National Fire Protection AssociationI-NFPA 101Ikhodi Yokuphepha Kokuphila ilawula lezi zimfuneko e-United States, futhi izindinganiso ezifanayo ziyasebenza kwezinye izindawo.

Isixhumi #3: Isikhathi — Ububanzi be-Relay Pulse kanye nobude be-Hold-Open

I-timing interface iyi-variable enganakwa kakhulu ekuhlanganisweni kokulawula ukufinyelela — futhi yileyo ekhiqiza izingcingo eziningi zesevisi. Kunezimingcele ezimbili zesikhathi okumele zihlanganiswe:

Ububanzi be-pulse ye-relay yesilawuli sokufinyelela:Lesi isikhathi esihlala sivaliwe se-relay yesilawuli ngemva kokufundwa kwesitifiketi okuvumelekile. Okuzenzakalelayo okujwayelekile kwasefekthri kuyimizuzwana eyi-1, 3, 5, noma eyi-10 — futhi inani cishe lihlala lingalungiselelwa kusofthiwe yokuhlela yesilawuli. Uma ububanzi be-pulse bufushane kakhulu, umqhubi womnyango angase angabhalisi i-trigger. I-YF150 yethu idinga i-trigger pulse encane engama-millisecond ayi-100 (imizuzwana engu-0.1), engaphansi kakhulu kwanoma yiluphi ububanzi be-pulse yesilawuli esingokoqobo — kodwa ngihlangane nabalawuli lapho ububanzi be-pulse bubekwe ngengozi kuma-millisecond angama-50 ngesikhathi sokuhlela, futhi umqhubi womnyango akaphendulanga.

Isikhathi sokuvula umnyango:Lesi isikhathi esihlala sivulekile umnyango ngemva kokuthola isignali ye-trigger, ngaphambi kokuqala umjikelezo wawo wokuvala. Ku-YF150 yethu, lokhu kungalungiswa kusukela kumasekhondi angu-0 kuya kwangu-60 nge-potentiometer ebhodini lokulawula. Isikhathi esifanele sokuvula sincike ekusetshenzisweni: imizuzwana engu-3-5 yomnyango ojwayelekile wehhovisi lapho abantu bedlula khona ngesivinini esijwayelekile, imizuzwana eyi-10-15 yomnyango ofinyeleleka ngezihlalo zabakhubazekile ngeI-ADAiziqondiso, kanye nemizuzwana engama-20-30 yeminyango yendlela yokuthutha impahla noma yesibhedlela lapho izinqola zemikhumbi nemishini zidinga isikhathi sokususa umkhawulo.

Ngoba i-relay pulse yesilawuli sokufinyelela kanye ne-hold-open timer ye-operator yomnyango kusethwa ngokuzimela futhi ngokuvamile ngochwepheshe abahlukene., ngakho-ke ngincoma ukuthi ubhale phansi zombili izilungiselelo embikweni wokuqalisa futhi unamathisele ilebula ngaphakathi kwendlu yomqhubi womnyango. Uma ucingo lwesevisi lufika ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva — "umnyango uhlala uvuliwe isikhathi eside kakhulu" noma "umnyango awuvuli njalo ekuthepheni kwebheji lokuqala" — uchwepheshe angahlola izilungiselelo ezibhaliwe ngokuqhathanisa nokucushwa kwamanje ngaphansi kwemizuzu emibili.

Ireferensi Yokuxhuma: Ukuxhuma i-YF150 Kubalawuli Bokufinyelela Okuvamile

Ngifuna ukunikeza ireferensi ethile yokuxhuma ucingo kumqhubi wethu we-YF150, ngoba ngiphendula le mibuzo njalo ngeviki. Ibhodi lokulawula le-YF150 linebhulokhi yesiphelo yokufaka ye-trigger enikezelwe ngokuxhumeka okunelebula elicacile:

• VULIWE— Faka isignali yokuvula umnyango (ukuvalwa kokuxhumana okomile phakathi kwe-OPEN ne-GND)
• I-GND— Inkomba yesignali yomhlabathi
• KHIYA— Ukukhishwa kokudluliselwa kokhiye womnyango (kukhuthazwa lapho umnyango uvaliwe, ukuze kuhlanganiswe ukukhiya kwe-electromagnetic)
• I-FAI— Okokufaka kwe-interface ye-alamu yomlilo (kuphoqa umnyango ukuthi uvuleke uma ucushiwe)
• I-POS— Ukuphuma kwenzwa yesikhundla somnyango (iswishi yomhlanga, ivaliwe lapho umnyango uvuleka ngokuphelele)

Ukuze kube nokuhlanganiswa okujwayelekile kokulawula ukufinyelela kanye nomphumela wokudlulisa oxhumana naye owomile, izintambo zisebenza ngama-conductor amabili:isilawuli CHA → YF150 VULIWE, isilawuli COM → YF150 GND.Leyo yidayagramu ephelele yokuxhuma izintambo yama-80% okufakwa.

Ukuze kufakwe okudinga ukuhlanganiswa kwe-alamu yomlilo, xhuma umphumela wokudluliselwa kwephaneli yokulawula i-alamu yomlilo ku-terminal ye-YF150 FAI. Lapho ukudluliselwa kwe-alamu yomlilo kuvalwa (noma kuvulwa, kuye ngokucushwa), i-YF150 iphoqa umnyango ukuthi uvuleke futhi ikhubaze umsebenzi wokuvala okuzenzakalelayo kuze kube yilapho isimo se-alamu yomlilo sesisusiwe.Ngoba izintambo ze-alamu yomlilo kumele zigadwe ukuze kutholakale ubuqotho — intambo ephukile kumele ibangele isibonakaliso sephutha kuphaneli ye-alamu yomlilo, ngakho-ke uxhumano lwe-FAI kumele lusebenzise ukuqapha kokumelana kokuphela komugqa (EOL) ngokomklamo wohlelo lwe-alamu yomlilo. Ngincoma ukuxhumanisa lokhu kuxhumanisa nomenzi we-alamu yomlilo ngesikhathi sokulungisa, hhayi ngemva kokufakwa komqhubi womnyango.

Izimo Ezivamile Zokuxazulula Izinkinga Nezimbangela Zazo Eziyinhloko

Eminyakeni edlule, ngihlanganise isizindalwazi sengqondo sokwehluleka kokuhlanganiswa kokulawulwa kokufinyelela kanye nezimbangela zazo ezingaba khona. Nazi izimo ezine engizibona njalo:

Isibonakaliso: Umnyango uyavuleka uma kufundwa ibheji kodwa hhayi uma kufundwa ezinye.Imbangela engaba khona kakhulu umsindo kagesi entanjeni ye-trigger — ikakhulukazi uma ikhebula le-trigger lisebenza ngokuhambisana nentambo yamandla e-AC isikhathi esingaphezu kwamamitha amathathu.Ngoba okokufaka kwe-trigger ye-YF150 kuyazwela emaphethelweni (kubona ukuguquka kusuka kusekethe evulekile kuya kusekethe evaliwe), ngakho-ke ukuphakama komsindo emgqeni we-trigger kungahunyushwa njengesibangeli esisebenzayo - noma, ngokuvamile, kungasifihla isibangeli sangempela. Isixazululo ukusebenzisa ikhebula elivikelwe ukuxhuma izintambo ze-trigger, kanye nentambo yokudonsa isihlangu exhunywe emhlabathini ekugcineni kwesilawuli kuphela. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uma ukuxhuma kabusha izintambo kungenzeki, engeza i-capacitor ye-ceramic engu-0.1 µF kuwo wonke ama-terminal e-OPEN kanye ne-GND ku-opharetha womnyango ukuze uhlunge umsindo wemvamisa ephezulu.

Isibonakaliso: Umnyango uvula ngokujwayelekile kodwa awuvaleki.Hlola kuqala ukusethwa kwesibali sikhathi sokuma sivuleke. Uma sibekwe kumkhawulo ophezulu (imizuzwana engama-60 ku-YF150 yethu), yehlise ibe yinani elifanele lohlelo lokusebenza. Uma isibali sikhathi sibekwe kahle futhi umnyango ungakavali, hlola isignali yenzwa yokuphepha esebenzayo.Ngoba inzwa yokuvikela ye-YF150 idlula umjikelezo wokuvala — uma inzwa ithola ukuvinjelwa, umnyango ngeke uvale kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kubekwe isikhathi esingakanani., ngakho-ke inzwa yokuphepha engaqondile noma engcolile iyimbangela yesibili evame kakhulu yezingcingo zesevisi "zokuthi umnyango awuvali". Hlanza amalensi enzwa nge-isopropyl alcohol bese uqinisekisa ukuhambisana ne-reflector noma i-receiver.

Isibonakaliso: Umnyango uvula ngokushesha uma uvula ngaphandle kokufundwa kwebheji.Lokhu cishe njalo kubonisa ukuthi izintambo zokufaka i-trigger zifushane — kungaba isikulufu esiqinile noma se-drywall singene kukhebula, noma i-relay yesilawuli sokufinyelela ivaliwe. Nqamula izintambo ze-trigger ku-block ye-terminal ye-YF150. Uma umnyango uyeka ukuvuleka lapho uvula, inkinga iku-access controller noma izintambo. Uma umnyango uqhubeka nokuvula lapho uvula izintambo ze-trigger zingaxhunyiwe, ibhodi lokulawula le-YF150 linephutha — xhumana nethimba lethu lokusekela lobuchwepheshe.Ngoba okokufaka kwe-trigger emfushane kufana ngogesi nesignali ye-trigger evumelekile, ngakho-ke umqhubi womnyango akakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalokhu okubili — futhi okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuhlukanisa iphutha ukunqamula izintambo zesiqhumisi kumqhubi womnyango bese uhlola ingxenye ngayinye ngokwehlukana.

Isibonakaliso: Ukusebenza ngezikhathi ezithile okuhambisana nesimo sezulu.Lokhu ngikubona kaningi ezindlini zokungena zangaphandle lapho isilawuli sokufinyelela sifakwe khona evestibule engashisi.Ngoba ukujiya kwakheka ezingxoxweni zokudlulisa lapho umoya ofudumele, omanzi uhlangana nezindawo zensimbi ezibandayo, ngakho-ke ukuxhumana okudluliselwayo kubalawuli abafakwe ngaphandle kungakha i-oxidation enamandla okukhiqiza ukuvalwa kokuxhumana okungenazikhawu. Isixazululo ukucacisa abalawuli bokufinyelela abane-relay evaliwe, egcwele igesi (evalwe nge-hermetically) yokufaka yangaphandle, noma ukufaka i-heater encane elawulwa yi-thermostat ukugcina isilawuli singaphezu kwephuzu lamazolo.

Ukuqinisekisa Ikusasa: Ukuhlela Ukuhlanganiswa Kwakho Kokulawula Ukufinyelela kwe-OSDP kanye Neziqinisekiso Zeselula

Ngibuzwa kakhulu ngabacacisi bephrojekthi: "Ingabe kufanele sisafake abafundi beWiegand, noma kufanele siqinisekise ikusasa nge-OSDP?" Impendulo yami incike kusikhathi sephrojekthi kanye nezidingo zokuphepha zesakhiwo.

Uma isakhiwo sivulwa ezinyangeni ezingu-12 ezizayo futhi isidingo sokuphepha silula — ukufinyelela ibheji labasebenzi ngesikhathi samahora ebhizinisi, azikho izidingo zokulandelela ukuhlolwa ngaphandle kwesikhathi esiyisisekelo kanye nokuba khona — i-Wiegand iseyisinqumo esivumelekile ngokuphelele. Ihadiwe ishibhile, wonke uchwepheshe wokulawula ukufinyelela uyazi ukuthi angayifaka kanjani, futhi isebenza ngokuthembekile nawo wonke umqhubi womnyango ozenzakalelayo emakethe.

Kodwa-ke, uma iphrojekthi inomugqa wesikhathi wezinyanga ezingu-24, uma imininingwane yokuphepha idinga ukuxhumana okubethelwe, noma uma umnikazi wesakhiwo efuna ukusekela iziqinisekiso zeselula (ukufinyelela okusekelwe ku-smartphone nge-NFC noma i-Bluetooth), ngincoma kakhulu ukucacisa i-OSDP.Ngenxa yokuthi abafundi be-OSDP nabalawuli bahambisana nezintambo ze-Wiegand — ikhebula elifanayo lama-conductor amane elithwala i-Wiegand lingaqedwa kabusha kwi-OSDP RS-485, ngakho-ke ukutshalwa kwezimali kwengqalasizinda yezintambo kuyafana. Umehluko wezindleko usekhompyutheni yokufunda neyesilawuli, okunciphayo: Abafundi be-OSDP manje babiza cishe ngo-15-25% ngaphezu kwabafundi be-Wiegand abalinganayo, kwehle kusuka ku-40-50% eminyakeni emithathu edlule.

Ngasohlangothini lomqhubi womnyango, ukuhlanganiswa akushintshi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isilawuli sokufinyelela sikhuluma nge-Wiegand noma i-OSDP, sisakhipha ukuvalwa kwe-relay yokuxhumana eyomile ukuze kuqalise umqhubi womnyango. Lokho kuvalwa kwe-relay kufana ngogesi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inqubo ephezulu ithini.Ngoba umqhubi womnyango ubona kuphela umphumela wokudlulisela — hhayi iphrothokholi, ngakho-ke ukukhetha kwakho i-Wiegand vs. OSDP akunawo umthelela ekuvumelaneni komqhubi weminyango. Lona ngumbuzo engiwuphendula njalo, futhi impendulo iyafana njalo: umqhubi weminyango akanandaba.