Amashejuli Okulungisa Iminyango Ezenzakalelayo Yesikhumulo Sezindiza Avimbela U-90% Wezingcingo Eziphuthumayo

Kungo-06:45 ngoLwesithathu ekuseni esikhumulweni sezindiza esikhulu sase-Asia, futhi esangweni lokugibela i-Terminal 3 B17 umnyango oshelelayo ozenzakalelayo usanda kuyeka ukuphendula ekuguqulweni ngesandla kwe-ejenti yesango. Abagibeli abangamakhulu amabili balinde umugqa esangweni ukuze bahambe ngo-07:30 baye eFrankfurt, i-ejenti yesango isesemsakazweni lapho isebenza, kanti umthumeli wenkontileka yokulungisa ubheka i-ETA yemizuzu engama-45 ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi lwendiza.Lesi yisikhathi esibiza kakhulu emjikelezweni wokuphila komnyango wesikhumulo sezindiza: hhayi ukuphahlazeka komnyango ngokwawo, kodwa uchungechunge lokulibaziseka kwabagibeli, isikhathi esengeziwe se-ejenti yesango, kanye nokwanda kokusebenza okulandelayo.Ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi ngithengisa izinhlelo zeminyango ezizenzakalelayo ezikhumulweni zezindiza, ezibhedlela, kanye nezakhiwo zezentengiselwano, ngithole ukuthi inani elingamaphesenti angama-90 embuzweni othi “yiyiphi ingxenye yezingcingo eziphuthumayo ezingavinjelwa yisimiso sokulungisa esivimbelayo” akuyona into efiselekayo — yilokho idatha yethu yabafaki ekubonisayo ngempela, futhi isimiso sokulungisa esisinikezayo sisezingeni elifanele kakhulu kunalokho amaqembu amaningi ezikhungo akuqaphelayo.

TL;DR

• Inombolo engu-90%— izindlela eziyisithupha zokwehluleka zibangela cishe amaphesenti angama-90 ezingcingo eziphuthumayo zomnyango wesikhumulo sezindiza.
• Umjikelezo wezinyanga eziyisithupha— ukuhlolwa okuncane ezinyangeni ezintathu, ukuhlolwa okuphelele ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.
• Inzuzo ye-DC engenamabhulashi— Isikhathi sokuphila somjikelezo we-3 million sisusa ukushintshwa kwenjini ohlelweni lokulungisa.
• Amaviki omthwalo ophakeme— ukuhamba ehlobo + umswakama wasebusika kuphinda kabili inani lomjikelezo; ukulungiswa kusengaphambili kwesimo ezinyangeni ezimbili ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
• Izigaba zenkontileka— impendulo ye-SLA + isitokwe sezingxenye ezisele + ubunikazi bedatha yizigaba ezintathu ezivimbela isimo se-06:45.

Ngo-06:45 eSikhumulweni sesi-3, umnyango wesango lokugibela awuphenduli — futhi abagibeli abangu-200 balindile

Umnyango wesango lokugibela yiwona ovame ukwehluleka kakhulu kunoma yisiphi isiteshi sezindiza, futhi isizathu sobunjiniyela silula: yiwo umnyango ohamba kakhulu. Umnyango wesango lokugibela ojwayelekile esikhumulweni sezindiza esimatasa uvula futhi uvale izikhathi ezingu-800 kuya ku-1,200 ngosuku — konke ukuskena kwepasipoti yokugibela ye-ejenti yesango kuwumjikelezo owodwa, kanye nokuvuleka kweminyango yabasebenzi, kanye nokushintsha kweshifti yabasebenzi bokuhlanza, kanye nokufinyelela enqoleni yokupheka.Leso silinganiso somjikelezo siphakeme ngokuphindwe kane kuya kweziyisithupha kunomnyango we-lobby ku-terminal efanayo,yingakho iminyango yesango lokugibela ikhiqiza cishe amaphesenti angu-40 ezingcingo eziphuthumayo zeminyango yesiteshi ezizenzakalelayo yize zingamaphesenti angu-15 kuphela enani leminyango ezenzakalelayo yesiteshi.

Isimo sika-06:45 yisimo sokwehluleka esibiza kakhulu isikhumulo sezindiza, ngoba kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuhamba esiphezulu lapho imiphumela yomnyango obhajwe ikhuliswa kakhulu.Umnyango wesango lokugibela ongasebenzi ngo-06:45 ngoLwesithathu ekuseni ubiza isikhumulo sezindiza cishe u-$15,000 kuya ku-$40,000 njengesinxephezelo sokulibaziseka kwabagibeli, isikhathi esengeziwe se-ejenti yesango, kanye nokwenyuka kokusebenza.— futhi leso sibalo asihlanganisi izindleko ezingaqondile zemali yokubiza okuphuthumayo yomenzi wokulungisa, okuvame ukuba yi-$2,000 kuya ku-$5,000. Kuyo yonke idatha yethu yabafaki, izikhumulo zezindiza eziqhuba umjikelezo wokulungisa wokuvimbela wezinyanga eziyisithupha zinesilinganiso esingaba ngu-10% wesilinganiso sokubiza okuphuthumayo sezikhumulo zezindiza eziqhuba kuphela ukulungiswa okusabelayo, kanti isibalo esingamaphesenti angu-90 engisicaphune phezulu kwalesi sihloko siyisilinganiso esihlanganisiwe kuzo zonke izikhumulo zezindiza esisebenze nazo.

Okumangaza amaqembu amaningi ezikhungo ukuthi isimiso sokulungisa izinto ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa asivamile.Imisebenzi efanayo yokuhlola eyisithupha, eyenziwa ngomjikelezo ofanayo wezinyanga eziyisithupha, ivimbela cishe amaphesenti angama-90 ezingcingo eziphuthumayo.Ngike ngangena ezikhumulweni zezindiza lapho ithimba lezikhungo lalisebenzisa khona amaphesenti angama-60 esabelomali sokulungisa ezimweni eziphuthumayo kanye namaphesenti angama-40 ekulungiseni okuhleliwe, futhi ngemva kweminyaka emibili emjikelezweni wezinyanga eziyisithupha ithimba elifanayo lalisebenzisa amaphesenti angama-25 ezimweni eziphuthumayo kanye namaphesenti angama-75 ekulungiseni okuhleliwe. Isabelomali sokulungisa asizange sishintshe — isabelo sashintsha, futhi isikhumulo sezindiza sayeka ukukhokhela izimo zika-06:45.

Inombolo engu-90%: yiziphi izindlela zokwehluleka ezi-6 ezibangela cishe zonke izingcingo eziphuthumayo emnyango wesikhumulo sezindiza

Isibalo esingamaphesenti angama-90 asisho ukuthi sifisa kakhulu — sivela kudatha yethu yabafaki ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezingaba ngu-200 esithumele kuzo izinhlelo zeminyango ezizenzakalelayo eminyakeni eyishumi edlule.Izindlela eziyisithupha zokwehluleka zibangela cishe amaphesenti angama-90 azo zonke izingcingo eziphuthumayo emnyango wesikhumulo sezindiza,futhi ukwazi izindlela zokwehluleka kuyimfuneko yobunjiniyela yokuklama isheduli yokulungisa yokuvimbela. Ukwehluleka kwezinzwa kuyisigaba esikhulu kunazo zonke — izinzwa zokunyakaza, izinzwa zokuba khona, kanye nezinzwa zokuphepha ziyahluleka ngesilinganiso esingaba ngu-8% ngonyaka endaweni yesikhumulo sezindiza, kanti ukwehluleka kwezinzwa kukodwa kubanga cishe amaphesenti angu-30 ezingcingo eziphuthumayo. Ukushisa ngokweqile kwezimoto kuyisigaba sesibili esikhulu kunazo zonke, kubanga cishe amaphesenti angu-18 ezingcingo eziphuthumayo, futhi yimodi yokwehluleka encishiswa kakhulu yizinjini ze-DC ezingenamabhulashi.

Ukuphuka kwebhande kubangela cishe amaphesenti ayi-15 ezingcingo eziphuthumayo— ibhande lokushayela elisebenza ngomnyango oshelelayo liyingxenye ethatha ukuguguleka okukhulu komshini, futhi uthuli kanye nomswakama endaweni yesikhumulo sezindiza kuyasheshisa ukuguguleka.Ukukhiya kwabalawuli kubalelwa cishe kumaphesenti ayi-12— isilawuli siyingxenye ephatha impendulo yesikhashana yokuqalisa kanye nesimo somnyango, futhi iphutha le-firmware noma ukukhuphuka kwamandla kungavimba isilawuli esimweni sokungaphenduli.Umonakalo wephaneli yengilazi ulinganiselwa kumaphesenti angu-8— amaphaneli engilazi aseminyango yesango lokugibela ayathinteka ezinqoleni zemithwalo kanye nemithwalo yabagibeli, futhi iphaneli eyonakele ingavimba umnyango ukuthi ungagibeli ngebhayisikili.Ukuvinjelwa kwethrekhi kubalwa cishe amaphesenti angu-7— imfucumfucu, iqhwa, noma izinto zangaphandle emzileni womnyango zingamisa umnyango phakathi nomjikelezo, futhi imodi yokuhluleka kokuvimba ithrekhi iyona yesizini kakhulu kweziyisithupha.

Amaphesenti ayi-10 asele ezingcingo eziphuthumayo avela ezindleleni eziningi zokwehluleka okukodwa: ukukhukhuleka kwe-encoder, umonakalo wezintambo, ukwehluleka kwebhethri eliyisipele, ukuguguleka kwebhokisi lamagiya, ukwehluleka kwe-capacitor yebhodi lokulawula, kanye nokwehluleka okungavamile komshini wendlu yomqhubi.Lezi zindlela zokwehluleka komsila omude yizo umjikelezo wokulungisa wokuvimbela wezinyanga eziyisithupha ongenakukwazi ukuzivimbela,yingakho inani elingamaphesenti angama-90 liwuphahla lobunjiniyela, hhayi phansi. Kuyo yonke idatha yethu yabafaki, izikhumulo zezindiza eziqhuba umjikelezo wezinyanga eziyisithupha oqinile zifinyelele kumaphesenti angama-88 kuya kwangu-92 okuvimbela izingcingo eziphuthumayo, kanti izikhumulo zezindiza ezinweba umjikelezo ziye ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalolunye noma eziyishumi nambili zifinyelele kumaphesenti angama-60 kuya kwangu-75 okuvimbela.

Uhlelo lokulungisa lwezinyanga eziyisithupha: okufanele kuhlolwe, okufanele kuhlanzwe, okufanele kushintshwe

Uhlelo lokulungisa lwezinyanga eziyisithupha alulona ukuvakasha okukodwa — luwumjikelezo ohlelekile wokuvakasha okubili obamba izindlela zokwehluleka ngaphambi kokuba zingene ezingcingweni eziphuthumayo.Ezinyangeni ezintathu, ukuhlolwa okuncane kuhlanganisa ukulinganiswa kwenzwa, ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwebhande, kanye nokuhlanzwa kwethrekhi.Ukulinganiswa kwezinzwa ezinyangeni ezintathu kuthola ukuhamba kancane kancane kanye nokuzwela kwezinzwa zokuba khona, okuyisibonakaliso sokuqala semodi yokwehluleka kwenzwa ebangela amaphesenti angama-30 ezingcingo eziphuthumayo. Ukuhlolwa kokubonakala kokucindezeleka kwebhande ezinyangeni ezintathu kuthola ukwelula kancane kancane okungaphambi kokuphuka kwebhande, okuyisibonakaliso sokuqala semodi yokwehluleka kwebhande ebangela amaphesenti ayi-15 ezingcingo eziphuthumayo. Ukuhlanza ithrekhi ezinyangeni ezintathu kususa uthuli kanye nemfucumfucu eyandulela ukuvinjelwa kwethrekhi, okuyisibonakaliso sokuqala semodi yokwehluleka kwethrekhi eyabangela amaphesenti ayi-7 ezingcingo eziphuthumayo.

Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, ukuhlolwa okugcwele kuhlanganisa isibuyekezo se-firmware yesilawuli, ukuhlolwa kokusekela ibhethri, ukuhlolwa kokushisa kwemoto, ukugcotshwa kwegiya lezikelemu, kanye nokulinganiswa kwe-encoder.Ukubuyekezwa kwe-firmware yomlawuli ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuthola amaphutha e-firmware kanye nezinto zokwenziwa kwamandla ezandulela ukukhiywa kwesilawuli, okuyisibonakaliso sokuqala semodi yokwehluleka kwamaphesenti angu-12. Ukuhlolwa kokusekela ibhethri ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuthola ukulahlekelwa kancane kancane kwamandla ebhethri eliphuthumayo elinika amandla umnyango ngesikhathi sokuphela kukagesi, okuyimodi yokwehluleka engaveli ekusebenzeni okuvamile kodwa ebonakala ngesikhathi esibi kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa kokushisa kwemoto ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kulinganisa izinga lokushisa lokugoqa kwemoto ngaphansi komthwalo, okuyisibonakaliso sokuqala semodi yokwehluleka kokushisa kwemoto ebangela amaphesenti angu-18 ezingcingo eziphuthumayo.

Ukugcotshwa kwegiya lezibungu kanye nokulinganiswa kwe-encoder kuqeda ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezinyanga eziyisithupha.I-worm gear iyisakhi esinika umqhubi i-torque yayo yokubamba, futhi i-worm gear lubricant iyaphuka ngesivinini esifanayo ne-motor winding insulation — cishe njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha endaweni yesikhumulo sezindiza.I-encoder iyisici esinikeza isilawuli impendulo yendawo yomnyango, kanti ukulinganiswa kwe-encoder kuhamba cishe ngamaphesenti angu-1 kuya kwangu-2 ngenyanga endaweni yesikhumulo sezindiza, okusho ukuthi isikhathi sezinyanga eziyisithupha sigcina ukuhamba ngaphakathi kwefasitela lokulungisa lomlawuli. Kuyo yonke idatha yethu yokufaka, izikhumulo zezindiza ezisebenzisa umjikelezo wezinyanga ezintathu ezincane + izinyanga eziyisithupha zifinyelele inani lokuvimbela ucingo oluphuthumayo elingamaphesenti angu-90, kanti izikhumulo zezindiza ezisebenzisa umjikelezo wezinyanga eziyisithupha kuphela zifinyelele cishe amaphesenti angu-75.

Kungani ama-motor e-DC angenamabhulashi eshintsha izibalo zokulungisa iminyango yesiteshi

Ukwakhiwa kwezimoto ze-DC ezingenamabhulashi akuyona indlela yokumaketha yeminyango yesikhumulo sezindiza — kuyisinqumo sobunjiniyela esishintsha isabelomali sokulungisa ngokubhidliza into yomugqa wokushintsha injini.Injini ye-DC engenamabhulashi ye-YF150 ilinganiselwe imijikelezo eyizigidi ezi-3 kanye neminyaka eyi-10 yenkonzo,okusho ukuthi ngesikhathi senkontileka yokulungisa isikhumulo sezindiza evamile yeminyaka eyi-10, injini ayidingi ukushintshwa nhlobo. Isabelomali sokulungisa singadlulisela into yomugqa wokushintsha injini ezintweni zomugqa wokushintsha inzwa nebhande, futhi umphumela ophelele isabelomali sokulungisa esingaphansi ngamaphesenti angama-30 kuya kwangu-40 kunesabelomali sokufakwa kwemoto exutshwe ngokulinganayo.

Inketho yenjini ebhulashiwe iyisisekelo sobunjiniyela engisibona ezindaweni eziningi ezindala zokufaka izikhumulo zezindiza.Injini ye-DC evamile ebhulashiwe emnyango wesango lokugibela esikhumulweni sezindiza ilinganiselwa kuma-cycle ayisigidi esingu-1, okusho ukuthi injini idinga ukushintshwa njalo eminyakeni engu-2.5 kuya kwemi-3 ngesilinganiso somjikelezo wesango lokugibela.Ukushintsha injini ngakunye kuwukuvakasha kokulungisa okuthatha amahora ama-4 okubiza cishe u-$1,500 kuya ku-$3,000 ngezingxenye kanye nomsebenzi, futhi isikhumulo sezindiza kufanele siqaphele ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza kokususa umnyango wesango lokugibela ngesikhathi sokushintsha. Kuyo yonke inkontileka yokulungisa yeminyaka eyi-10, enye indlela yemoto exutshwe ngebhulashi inezela u-$15,000 kuya ku-$30,000 ngomnyango ezindlekweni zokushintsha injini ezigwenywa yimoto ye-DC engenabhulashi.

Imininingwane eyodwa yobunjiniyela engifuna ukuyimaka ekhasini lomkhiqizo we-YF150: igiya elihlanganisiwe le-worm kanye negiya eliyi-helical yikho okunikeza umqhubi isignali yakhe yomsindo ophansi.I-YF150 ilinganiswe ku-50 dB umsindo ophahleni ngaphansi komthwalo,okungaphansi komkhawulo ongu-55 dB abaklami bezindawo zokugcina izindiza abawuqondisa ezindaweni zamasango okugibela. Inketho yemoto ebhulashiwe ngokuvamile ingu-60 kuya ku-65 dB, edlula umkhawulo futhi idale izikhalazo zabagibeli ngesikhathi sokuhlala isikhathi eside esangweni lokugibela. Ithimba lokulungisa elishintsha kusuka ku-DC ebhulashiwe liye ku-DC engenamabhulashi ngesikhathi sokushintshana kwemoto okuhleliwe lithola ukunciphisa umsindo njengebhonasi, kodwa icala lobunjiniyela lokushintsha ukunciphisa isabelomali sokulungisa, hhayi umsindo.

Isonto lomthwalo ophakeme engincoma uhlelo lwesikhumulo sezindiza ngalo lonke: ukuhamba ehlobo + umswakama wasebusika

Iminyango yesango lokugibela esikhumulweni sezindiza ayiboni izinga lokujikeleza eliqhubekayo unyaka wonke - ibona amafasitela amabili ahlukene anomthwalo ophakeme ophindwe kabili inani lomjikelezo wansuku zonke.Isikhathi esiphezulu sokuhamba ehlobo (Julayi-Agasti eNyakatho Yenkabazwe, uJanuwari-Febhuwari eNingizimu Yenkabazwe) siphinda kabili inani lemijikelezo yansuku zonkeEzicabheni eziningi zokungena esikhumulweni sezindiza, ngoba inani eliphezulu lokuhamba lifaka abagibeli abaningi esangweni ngalinye. Umnyango wesango lokungena obona imijikelezo engu-800 ngosuku ngoMashi ubona imijikelezo engu-1,500 kuya ku-1,800 ngosuku ngoJulayi, kanti ifasitela lokulungisa elasebenza ngoMashi lingase lingasebenzi ngoJulayi.

Ukuphakama komswakama ebusika (ngoDisemba-Januwari eNyakatho Nenkabazwe) kuyifasitela lesibili lomthwalo ophezulu,futhi iqhutshwa kancane yivolumu yokuhamba kodwa iqhutshwa kakhulu yingcindezi eqhutshwa umswakama emshinini womnyango. Ukwandiswa kwethrekhi kanye nokuncipha okuvela ku-air conditioner ebandayo kuhlangana nomoya ofudumele wangaphandle kudala uhlobo oluhlukile lokucindezeleka komshini, futhi ama-motor windings abona ukujikeleza kokushisa okwengeziwe ngoba umnyango uvuleka emoyeni obandayo futhi uvale emoyeni ofudumele. Kuyo yonke idatha yethu yabafaki, izikhumulo zezindiza ezibeka ukuhlolwa okugcwele kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ezinyangeni ezimbili ngaphambi kwefasitela ngalinye le-peak (ngakho-ke ngoMeyi we-peak yasehlobo, u-Okthoba we-peak yasebusika) zibamba cishe izindlela zokwehluleka ezingama-20% kunezikhumulo zezindiza eziqhuba ukuhlolwa kushejuli yekota yekhalenda.

Isincomo sokubekwa kusengaphambili sizwakala njengoshintsho oluncane lokuhlela, kodwa umthelela wobunjiniyela ubalulekile.Isikhumulo sezindiza esiqhuba ukuhlolwa kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ngoMeyi sithola izindlela zokwehluleka kwehlobo ngaphambi kokuba zingene ezingcingweni eziphuthumayo ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngoJulayi,lapho izindleko zocingo oluphuthumayo ziphindwe kathathu kuya kahlanu kunezindleko ngesikhathi esingekho ngesikhathi somhlangano. Izikhumulo zezindiza eziqhuba ukuhlolwa ngoJuni noma ngoJulayi zigcina zikhokha iphrimiyamu yocingo oluphuthumayo olunesisindo esiphezulu, okuyizinto zesabelomali okufanele zisuswe umjikelezo wokuvimbela wezinyanga eziyisithupha.

Ukufunda isignali yelogi yokwehluleka-isigameko: yimuphi umnyango lapho isango lihluleka khona kakhulu

Ithimba ngalinye lokulungisa isikhumulo sezindiza kufanele lisebenzise ilogi yezehlakalo ezihlulekile kuyo yonke iminyango ezenzakalelayo esikhumulweni sezindiza, futhi ilogi iyithuluzi lobunjiniyela elibamba iminyango enobungozi obukhulu ngaphambi kokuba yehluleke.Isignali yelogi yesigameko sokwehluleka engisifunayo umnyango oye waba nezingcingo eziphuthumayo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu efasiteleni lezinsuku ezingu-90 — lowo mnyango unamathuba aphindwe kane kuya kwayisithupha okuba nezingcingo eziphuthumayo zesithathu ezinsukwini ezingu-30 ezizayo kunomnyango ongenazingcingo efasiteleni elifanayo.Kuyo yonke idatha yethu yabafaki, cishe amaphesenti angu-15 eminyango yamasango okugibela esikhumulweni sezindiza ahlanganisa amaphesenti angu-60 ezingcingo eziphuthumayo, futhi irekhodi lokwehluleka kwezehlakalo yilona elikhomba amaphesenti angu-15.

Uma umnyango usuqashelwe njengoyingozi enkulu, impendulo yobunjiniyela iwukushintshwa kwengxenye okuqondiwe kunokuba kube ukulungiswa okuvamile kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kokuvimbela.Indawo evame kakhulu yokufaka esikhundleni sengxenye yomnyango wesango lokugibela onobungozi obukhulu yi-sensor suite,ngoba ukwehluleka kwenzwa kuyisigaba esikhulu kunazo zonke semodi yokwehluleka okukodwa. Ukushintsha inzwa yokunyakaza, inzwa yokuba khona, kanye nenzwa yokuphepha ndawonye kubiza cishe u-$800 kuya ku-$1,500 ngezingxenye, futhi kubuyisela umnyango onobungozi obukhulu esilinganisweni sokwehluleka esijwayelekile. Ukufakwa kwengxenye yesibili evame kakhulu yibhande lokushayela, ngoba ukuphuka kwebhande kuyisigaba sesibili esikhulu kunazo zonke semodi yokwehluleka okukodwa, kanti esesithathu esivame kakhulu isibuyekezo se-firmware yebhodi lokulawula kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni se-capacitor.

Ilogi yezehlakalo ezihlulekile nayo iyithuluzi lobunjiniyela elibamba iphethini yesizini ngaphambi kokuba iqhume.Umnyango obonisa izingcingo ezimbili eziphuthumayo ngoMeyi nangoJuni yiwona umnyango ozophela ngesikhathi sefasitela likaJulayi lokulayisha okuphezulu,kanye nethimba lokulungisa elifunda ilogi ekuqaleni kukaJulayi lingabeka kusengaphambili ukufakwa kwengxenye ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ukwehluleka komthwalo ophezulu. Kuyo yonke idatha yethu yabafaki, izikhumulo zezindiza ezisebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwelogi yokwehluleka nyanga zonke zibamba iminyango enobungozi obukhulu ezinsukwini ezingama-60 kuya kwezingama-90 ngaphambi kokwehluleka okulandelayo, okuyisikhathi esanele sokuhlela ukufakwa kwengxenye ngesikhathi sewindi lokulungisa elihleliwe kunokuba kube ucingo oluphuthumayo.

Okumele kuxoxiswane ngakho ngaphambi kokusayina inkontileka yokulungisa isikhumulo sezindiza

Inkontileka yokulungisa iyithuba lokugcina lesikhumulo sezindiza lokuvala inani lokuvimbela izingcingo eziphuthumayo elingamaphesenti angama-90, futhi kunezigatshana zenkontileka eziyisithupha engizitshela ithimba ngalinye lezikhungo zesikhumulo sezindiza ukuthi lixoxisane ngaphambi kokusayina. Lezi zigatshana zihlukanisa osonkontileka bokulungisa abenze umsebenzi wesikhumulo sezindiza kosonkontileka abazofunda ngesabelomali sesikhumulo sezindiza.

Izigaba eziyisithupha zenkontileka okufanele zixoxiswane ngaphambi kokusayina:

• "Isikhathi esingakanani i-SLA yokusabela kweminyango yamasango okugibela uma kuqhathaniswa neminyango engeyona ebalulekile?"Izinga elijwayelekile lemboni liyimizuzu engama-30 endaweni yokusebenza yeminyango yamasango okugibela kanye nemizuzu engama-60 yeminyango engeyona ebalulekile. I-SLA kufanele ibe nesigaba sesijeziso sokungaphumeleli okuphindaphindiwe - ngaphandle kwesijeziso, i-SLA inesifiso kunokuba ibe yinkontileka.
• "Yiziphi izingxenye ezisele ezigcinwe ngumakhi endaweni noma ngaphakathi kwebanga lokulethwa kwamahora amane?"Okungenani umqhubi oyedwa wemoto ophelele ngeminyango engu-50 esebenzayo, kanye nezinzwa, amabhande, namabhodi okulawula. Isigaba sezingxenye ezisele siwumehluko phakathi kwe-SLA yempendulo yemizuzu engu-30 kanye ne-SLA yempendulo yamahora angu-4.
• "Iyini isheduli yokuvakashelwa kokulungisa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, futhi ingabe ihlobene namasonto omthwalo ophakeme?"Uhlelo kufanele lube umjikelezo wezinyanga eziyisithupha (izinyanga ezintathu ezincane + izinyanga eziyisithupha ezigcwele) kanye nokuhlolwa okuphelele okubekwe kusengaphambili ezinyangeni ezimbili ngaphambi kwefasitela ngalinye lomthwalo omkhulu. Umakhi ophakamisa ukuvakasha konyaka kuphela akaphakamisi inkontileka yokulungisa yokuvimbela.
• "Yiluphi uhlobo lwe-log yezehlakalo ezihlulekile olusetshenziswa yinkontileka, futhi ingabe isikhumulo sezindiza sinayo idatha?"Ilogi kufanele ifundwe ngomshini (i-CSV noma ukuthunyelwa kwedatha) futhi isikhumulo sezindiza kufanele sibe nedatha yomlando — hhayi inkontileka. Ngaphandle kobunikazi bedatha, isikhumulo sezindiza asikwazi ukushintsha abankontileka ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umlando wesigameko sokwehluleka.
• "Iyini inqubomgomo yokushintsha injini yabaqhubi be-DC abahlikihliwe noma abangenamabhulashi?"Uma isikhumulo sezindiza sisenabo opharetha bezimoto ezisebenzisa i-brush, inkontileka kufanele ichaze izindleko zokuthuthukela ku-DC engenamabhulashi ekushintsheni kwemoto okulandelayo okuhleliwe. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-DC engenamabhulashi kuyakhokha eminyakeni emi-3 kuya kwemi-5 ngokuncishiswa kwesabelomali sokulungisa.
• "Yiluphi uqeqesho olunikezwa yinkontileka eqenjini lokulungisa elingaphakathi esikhumulweni sezindiza?"Okungenani, ukuqeqeshwa kufanele kufake phakathi ukulinganiswa kwenzwa, ukulungiswa kokuqina kwebhande, kanye nokuvuselelwa kwe-firmware yesilawuli. Ithimba langaphakathi elingakwazi ukusingatha le misebenzi emithathu linciphisa izinga lokushaya ucingo oluphuthumayo ngamaphesenti angu-15 kuya kwangu-20 engeziwe.

Kumaqembu ezikhungo zezindiza afuna ukuqinisekisa indlela yokulungisa yokuvimbela ngokumelene nezinkomba zemboni,Ikhathalogi yezindinganiso ze-ISOihlanganisa izinhlelo zokuphathwa kokugcinwa kwezikhungo,Ikhathalogi yemishini kagesi ejikelezayo ye-IECihlanganisa izilinganiso zezimoto ze-DC ezingenamabhulashi ezisetshenziswa kubasebenzi beminyango yesikhumulo sezindiza, kanyeIkhathalogi yokuvikela ukungena kwe-ISOichaza uhlelo lokulinganisa i-IP okufanele ludingeke ukuze kutholakale uthuli namanzi ezindaweni zokugcina izikhumulo. Kuyo yonke idatha yethu yabafaki, izikhumulo zezindiza eziqhuba umjikelezo wokulungisa wokuvimbela wezinyanga eziyisithupha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwenjini ye-DC engenamabhulashi zifinyelele inani lokuvimbela izingcingo eziphuthumayo elingamaphesenti angama-90 zingakapheli izinyanga ezingu-18 kusukela kuqale inkontileka, kanyeUmsebenzisi womnyango oshelelayo we-YF150 ozenzakalelayoimikhumbi enempilo yomjikelezo wezigidi ezingu-3 kanye nophahla lomsindo olungama-dB angu-50 oludingwa yizibalo zokulungiswa kwesikhumulo sezindiza. Kumaqembu ezindawo zesikhumulo sezindiza afuna ukuxoxa ngesakhiwo senkontileka yokulungisa noma indlela yokuthuthukisa i-DC engenamabhulashi, ithimba lethu lobunjiniyela liyatholakala ngeIkhasi lokuxhumana le-YFBF.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Iminyango ezenzakalelayo yesikhumulo sezindiza kufanele inakekelwe kangaki?

Iminyango yesikhumulo sezindiza ezenzakalelayo kufanele ilandele umjikelezo wokulungisa okuvimbelayo wezinyanga eziyisithupha: ukuhlolwa okuncane ezinyangeni ezintathu (ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa, ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwebhande, ukuhlanza ithrekhi) kanye nokuhlolwa okugcwele ezinyangeni eziyisithupha (i-firmware yokulawula, ukuhlolwa kokusekela ibhethri, ukuhlolwa kokushisa kwemoto, ukugcotshwa kwegiya lezikelemu, ukulinganiswa kwe-encoder).

Yini ebangela ukubizwa kweminyango ephuthumayo kakhulu ezikhumulweni zezindiza?

Kuyo yonke idatha yethu yabafaki, izindlela eziyisithupha zokwehluleka zibangela cishe amaphesenti angama-90 ezingcingo eziphuthumayo zomnyango wesikhumulo sezindiza: ukwehluleka kwenzwa (inzwa yokunyakaza noma yokuba khona), ukushisa ngokweqile kwenjini, ukuphuka kwebhande, ukukhiya isilawuli, umonakalo wephaneli yengilazi, kanye nokuvinjelwa kwethrekhi. Ukwehluleka kwenzwa kukodwa kubalela cishe amaphesenti angama-30.

Ingabe injini ye-DC engenamabhulashi iyanciphisa ukulungiswa kweminyango yesikhumulo sezindiza?

Yebo. Ama-motor e-DC angenamabhulashi asusa ukuguguleka kwebhulashi lekhabhoni okudinga ukushintshwa kwe-motor exutshwe ngebhulashi njalo ngemijikelezo eyi-1 million. I-YF150 brushless DC ilinganiselwe imijikelezo eyizigidi ezi-3, okucishe kuphindwe kathathu isikhathi phakathi kokufakwa kwe-motor futhi kunciphisa izingcingo zokulungisa ezihlobene ngamaphesenti angama-60 kuya kwangama-70.

Ingakanani isikhathi sokuphendula se-SLA sezingcingo eziphuthumayo zomnyango wesikhumulo sezindiza?

Isikhathi esijwayelekile semboni sokuphendula i-SLA yeminyango yesikhumulo sezindiza imizuzu engama-30 endaweni yeminyango yesango lokugibela kanye nemizuzu engama-60 yeminyango engeyona ebalulekile. I-SLA kufanele ixoxiswane ngayo enkontilekeni yokulungisa, kanye nesigaba sesijeziso sokungaphumeleli kwe-SLA okuphindaphindiwe.

Ukuphakama kokuhamba kwezinkathi ezithile zonyaka kukuthinta kanjani ukulungiswa kweminyango yesikhumulo sezindiza?

Izinga lokuhamba lasehlobo (Julayi-Agasti) kanye nezinga lokuhamba komswakama ebusika (Disemba-Januwari) liphinda kabili inani lomjikelezo wansuku zonke eminyango yamasango okugibela. Uhlelo lokulungisa kufanele lubeke kusengaphambili ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ezinyangeni ezimbili ngaphambi kwezinga ngalinye lokuhamba, hhayi ngemva kwalokho, ukuze kugwenywe izingcingo eziphuthumayo ngesikhathi sokuhamba okuphezulu.

Ingabe izinkontileka zokulungisa iminyango yesikhumulo sezindiza kufanele zifake phakathi uhlu lwezingxenye ezisele?

Yebo. Impahla yezingxenye ezisele zama-sensor, amabhande, amabhodi okulawula, kanye nomqhubi wemoto oyedwa ophelele ngeminyango engu-50 esebenzayo kufanele igcinwe endaweni noma ngaphakathi kwebanga lokulethwa lamahora angu-4. Isigaba sezingxenye ezisele umehluko phakathi kwe-SLA yempendulo yemizuzu engu-30 kanye ne-SLA yempendulo yamahora angu-4.

Injini ye-YF150 DC engenamabhulashi isiza kanjani ekuhleleni ukulungiswa kweminyango yesikhumulo sezindiza?

Isilinganiso sokuphila kwemoto esiyizigidi ezintathu ku-YF150 sisho ukuthi imoto ayidingi ukushintshwa ngesikhathi senkontileka yokulungisa yeminyaka eyi-10 ejwayelekile - ukulungiswa kwebhande, inzwa, kanye nokulawulwa kuphela. Lokhu kunciphisa uhlelo lokulungisa kusukela ohlelweni olusindayo lokushintsha injini kuya ohlelweni olusindayo lwenzwa nebhande, okushibhile kakhulu ukulusebenzisa.