Kungani Amayunithi Okulawula Iminyango Ezenzakalelayo Ehluleka Emaphethini Ethrafikhi Emhlabeni Wangempela

Uma uke wabukela isicabha esishelelayo sishintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo, singabaza, noma sivalwa ngamandla amakhulu endaweni yokwamukela izivakashi ematasa, uke wabona iyunithi yokulawula eyenzelwe izimo ezifanele—hhayi ukusetshenziswa kwangempela. Ngikubonile lokhu kwenzeka izikhathi eziningi ngesikhathi ngisaqala umsebenzi wami embonini yezicabha, futhi kwangicasula.Ngenxa yokuthi iningi labalawuli beminyango abasezingeni lokuqala bathembele ku-logic yesikhathi esinqunyiwe, abakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokushintshashintsha kwethrafikhi yangempela.Ngakho-ke, azinikezi ulwazi olubi lomsebenzisi kanye nokuguguleka okusheshayo kwemishini.

Ngesikhathi ngijoyina imboni yeminyango ezenzakalelayo ngo-2014, ukwakheka kokulawula okwakukhona kwakulula: isethaphu sesikhathi sokuvula umnyango imizuzwana engu-X, esiqaliswa inzwa yokunyakaza. Sasebenza kahle ezimweni ezinabantu abaningi. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni lapho kuphuma khona imali eningi—ezitolo ezinkulu, emigwaqweni yezibhedlela, ezikhumulweni zezindiza—imodeli ye-logic engaguquki yayihlala yehluleka. Iminyango yayihlala ivuliwe isikhathi eside kakhulu ngesikhathi esingekho isikhathi esiningi (ichitha amandla e-HVAC) noma ivale ngokushesha kakhulu ngezikhathi zokujaha (okubangela izehlakalo zokuphepha).

Isixazululo sifike namayunithi okulawula ahlelwe yi-microprocessor. Ngokungafani nabanduleli abasekelwe ku-timer, laba balawuli abahlakaniphile baqhubeka nokuhlola idatha yezinzwa, bahlaziye amaphethini ethrafikhi, futhiukulungisa kabusha ngokuzenzakalelayo ama-torque curve enjini, ama-ramp okusheshisa, kanye namabanga okubhulekangokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho okuqongelelwe. Ngenxa yokuthi uhlelo lufunda emlandweni walo wokusebenza, ukufakwa ngakunye kuya ngokuya kulungiswa kangcono endaweni yalo ethile.

Ukwakhiwa Kwesistimu Yomnyango Olawulwa Yi-Microprocessor

Uhlelo lokulawula umnyango oluzenzakalelayo lwesimanje olusekelwe ku-microprocessor luqukethe izendlalelo ezine ezixhumene: ungqimba lwenzwa, ungqimba lweyunithi yokulawula, ungqimba lwe-elekthronikhi yamandla, kanye nongqimba lokusebenza komshini. Ukuqonda ukuthi lezi zendlalelo zihlangana kanjani kubalulekile kunoma ubani ocacisa, ofaka, noma ogcina izinhlelo zeminyango ezizenzakalelayo zezentengiselwano.

Isendlalelo Senzwa: Ukutholwa Kwedatha Yemvelo Yesikhathi Sangempela

Isendlalelo senzwa sihlanganisa ama-infrared motion detector asebenzayo, ama-threshold safety sensors (ama-footprint mat noma ama-laser arrays), kanye nama-microwave radar units ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kufakwe ngaphandle. Lawa ma-sensor anikeza idatha eqhubekayo ye-binary noma ye-analog ku-microprocessor ngamanani okusampula ngokuvamile aphakathi kuka-10 Hz no-50 Hz.Ngenxa yokuthi i-microprocessor ingacubungula ukusakazwa kwezinzwa eziningi ngasikhathi sinye, ingahlukanisa phakathi komuntu osondela ohlangothini noyedwa ohamba ngqo ebheke emngceleni.Leli khono lokubandlulula lisusa izinto ezibangela amaphutha ezihlasela izinhlelo ezilula ezisekelwe ku-timer.

Isendlalelo Seyunithi Yokulawula: Ubuchopho Besistimu

Iyunithi yokulawula yakhelwe eduze kwe-microcontroller noma i-microprocessor—ngokuvamile i-ARM Cortex core engu-16-bit noma engu-32-bit esebenza ngesivinini sewashi phakathi kuka-48 MHz no-200 MHz. Yilapho umlingo wokuzifundela wenzeka khona. I-firmware isebenzisa umshini wesimo esilinganiselwe (i-FSM) ophatha izimo zomnyango:Ukungenzi lutho, Iyaqalisa, Ukuvula, Ukubamba Kuvuliwe, Ukuvala, futhiIphuthaUkushintsha phakathi kwezimo akubuswa nje kuphela ngokufaka kwezinzwa, kodwa futhi ngamapharamitha aguquguqukayo uhlelo oluwafundile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Phakathi namahora okuqala angu-72 okusebenza, iyunithi yokulawula isebenza “ngemodi yokufunda,” lapho yakha khona iphrofayili yethrafikhi eyisisekelo ngokuqopha imvamisa yokusebenza komnyango, isilinganiso sesikhathi sokuwela, kanye nesilinganiso sokuhlangabezana nezithiyo.Ngenxa yokuthi i-algorithm yokuzifundela ilinganisa idatha yakamuva kakhulu kunedatha yomlando (isilinganiso sokuhamba esinesisindo se-exponential), uhlelo lusabela ngokushesha ezinguqukweni zethrafikhi yesizini.—njengokwanda kwenani labahamba ngezinyawo ngezikhathi zokuthenga ngamaholide noma ukwehla ngesikhathi samaholide aseyunivesithi.

Isendlalelo Se-elekthronikhi Samandla: Ukushayela I-24V Brushless DC Motor

Isendlalelo sikagesi esinamandla siguqula i-mains AC (110V/220V) ibe yi-24V DC elawulwayo futhi sishayela injini yomnyango ye-DC (BLDC) engenamabhulashi enezigaba ezintathu ngebhuloho le-inverter elinezigaba ezintathu. Kufanele ngigcizelele ukuthiUkukhetha ubuchwepheshe bemoto ye-24V BLDC akuyona into engahleliwe—kunquma ngqo ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwesistimu, ukuziphatha kokushisa, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwemishini.Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-motor e-AC ajwayelekile asebenzisa i-brushed, ama-motor e-BLDC aqeda ukulahleka kokungqubuzana kwebhulashi le-commutator, okuwukuphela kwento enegalelo ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle okungu-15-20%.

Ochungechungeni lwethu lwe-YF150 automatic sliding door operator, sichaza ama-motor angu-24V BLDC anezinzwa zesikhundla se-Hall-effect ezihlanganisiwe. Iyunithi yokulawula isebenzisa i-space-vector PWM modulation ukuze kufezwe ukulethwa kwe-torque okubushelelezi kulo lonke ibanga lesivinini. Umphumela uba ukuthi ukunyakaza kwephaneli yomnyango kuzwakala kungokwemvelo kubasebenzisi—ukusheshisa okuthambile ekuqaleni, isigaba sokuhamba ngomkhumbi esilawulwayo, kanye nokwehla kwejubane ngaphambi kokugoba kokugcina.Ngenxa yokuthi i-microprocessor iqhubeka nokuqapha impendulo ye-back-EMF evela kumoto, ithola ukungalingani kokulayisha ngomshini (njengomzila womnyango ogobile noma ukungqubuzana okukhulu kwehinge) futhi ivala ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokwandisa ukuphuma kwe-torque.

Isendlalelo Sokusebenza Kwemishini: Kusukela Ekujikelezeni Kuya Ekunyakazeni Okuqondile

Isendlalelo sokusebenza kwemishini siguqula ukuphuma kokujikeleza kwemoto kube ukunyakaza kwephaneli yomnyango oqondile ngokusebenzisa ama-belt drive, ama-gear reducer, noma izinhlelo zeketanga. Eminyango eshelelayo yezentengiselwano, ama-belt drive anamazinyo ayisisombululo esivame kakhulu ngoba anikeza ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa okuphezulu (ngokuvamile okungu-90-95%), umsindo ophansi, kanye nokusebenza okungenakulungiswa eminyakeni engu-8-10 ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusetshenziswa. Iyunithi yokulawula iqapha indawo yomnyango nge-magnetic encoder strip efakwe eceleni kwethrekhi, ihlinzeka ngempendulo yesikhundla esivaliwe ku-microprocessor.

Imisebenzi Yokuzifundela: Indlela I-Adaptive Logic Esebenza Ngayo Ngempela

Igama elithi “ukuzifundela” lisetshenziswa ngokunganaki ekukhangiseni ngokuzenzakalelayo emnyango. Ake ngichaze kahle ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuqonda okuguquguqukayo ngokombono wobunjiniyela, nokuthi kungani kudala ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza okulinganiselwe ekufakweni kwangempela.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwephethini Yethrafikhi Nokuguqulwa Kwepharamitha

I-firmware yokuzifundela kusilawuli somnyango we-microprocessor osezingeni eliphezulu igcina iwindi ledatha eligoqekayo lemijikelezo yakamuva yeminyango eyi-10,000 (noma izinsuku ezingu-30 zokusebenza, noma yikuphi okuza kuqala). Kusukela kule sethi yedatha, uhlelo luthola amapharamitha amathathu ayinhloko okuzivumelanisa nezimo:

• Isikhathi sokuvula:Ubude bomnyango obuhlala buvuliwe ngokuphelele ngemva kokuba umuntu ohamba ngezinyawo evule umkhawulo. Uhlelo oluyisisekelo lubeka lokhu kumasekhondi angu-3-5 aqinile. Uhlelo lokuzifundela lulungisa lokhu ngokuguquguqukayo ngokusekelwe kudatha yangempela yesikhathi sokuwela.Ngenxa yokuthi uhlelo selufundile ukuthi ithrafikhi yamahora aphezulu ikhiqiza izikhathi zokuwela ezingama-40% isikhathi eside kunesikhathi esingekho phezulu, yandisa ngokuzenzakalelayo isikhathi sokubamba ngezikhathi ezimatasa—ukunciphisa okuhlangenwe nakho okukhungathekisayo “kokubanjwa” ngumnyango ovalayo.
• Izindlela zokusheshisa nokwehlisa ijubane:Lezi zinhlaka zilawula ukuthi injini ishesha kangakanani ngamandla futhi yehlisa ijubane lephaneli yomnyango. Esimweni sezulu esibandayo, izingxenye zomshini ziyancipha kancane, okwandisa ukungqubuzana kwethrekhi. Isilawuli esizifundela sona sibona ukwanda kokudonsa kwamandla kagesi ngesikhathi sokuqala okubandayo futhi kancane kancane sithambisa i-ramp yokusheshisa emijikelezweni yokuqala emi-5-10, sivimbele ukucindezeleka komshini ngaphandle kokudinga ukungenelela ngesandla.
• Ukuzwela kokutholwa kwezithiyo:Umkhawulo wesenzwa yokuphepha uyaguquguquka. Ezindaweni ezinothuli oluningi (izindawo zokwakha, izindawo zokuvuselela), izinzwa ze-infrared zingakhiqiza izimpawu zezithiyo ezingamanga. I-algorithm yokuzifundela iyaqaphela ukuthi ukufundwa kwezinzwa ngesikhathi sezimo ezinothuli kubonisa amanani ayisisekelo aphezulu, futhi ilungisa umkhawulo wokuthola phezulu ukuze ivimbele ukuvulwa kabusha kwezinkinga ngenkathi igcina izimpendulo zokuphepha zangempela.

Izexwayiso Zokuzihlola Nokuzibikezela Zokulungisa

Ngale kwemingcele yokuguquguquka kwethrafikhi, abalawuli beminyango ye-microprocessor yesimanje basebenzisa izindlela zokuzihlola ezisebenza phakathi nomjikelezo ngamunye womnyango. Uhlelo luqapha ukudonsa kwamanje kwemoto, ukunemba kwesikhundla se-encoder, kanye nokungaguquguquki kwesikhathi somjikelezo.Uma amandla enjini edlula isisekelo ngaphezu kwama-20% emijikelezweni engaphezu kwama-50 elandelanayo, isilawuli sibhala ikhodi yokuxilonga futhi singaxwayisa ukuphathwa kwesikhungo ngokusebenzisa i-interface yaso ye-Modbus noma ye-BACnet—ngaphambi kokuba imoto yehluleke ngendlela eyinhlekelele.Lokhu kukwazi ukulungisa kusengaphambili yingakho abaqhubi bezakhiwo abaningi becacisa amayunithi okulawula ahlakaniphile ngisho nokufakwa komnyango owodwa: iprimiyamu yezindleko incane, kodwa ukwehla kwezingcingo zezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo kukhulu.

Ukuvumelanisa Iminyango Eminingi: Uchungechunge Lokuvula Oluqondiswe Ngobunjiniyela

Ukusebenza okuhlanganisiwe kweminyango eminingi kungenye yezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ezitholakala ezinhlelweni zokulawula iminyango ezisekelwe kuma-microprocessor, kodwa akucaciswanga kahle kumaphrojekthi amaningi okwakha ebhizinisi. Ngibone abaphathi bephrojekthi yokwakha bephatha umnyango ngamunye njengeyunithi ezimele, kodwa bathola ukuthi ngemuva kokufakwa ukuthi ukuvulwa okungalawulwa ngesikhathi esisodwa ephasejini kudala ukugeleza kwabahamba ngezinyawo okungahlelekile.

Inkinga Yokuvumelanisa: Kungani Ukuvula Ngesikhathi Esifanayo Kuhluleka

Cabanga ngomhubhe ojwayelekile wesikhumulo sezindiza oneminyango emine eshelelayo evuleke ngokulinganayo endaweni engamamitha angu-30. Uma yonke iminyango emine ivuleka ngesikhathi esisodwa lapho umuntu ohamba ngezinyawo esondela kunoma yimuphi wayo, umhubhe uhlangabezana nokungalingani komoya okufushane kodwa okukhulu, okubangela ukwehla komoya, ukuvaleka komnyango, kanye nokuchitheka kwamandla okuvela ekuphumeni komoya opholile. Ngokombono womuntu ohamba ngezinyawo, ukuvulwa ngasikhathi sinye kweminyango eminingi kudala ukudideka kokubona futhi kwandisa umthwalo wokuqonda wokuhlela indlela.

Ngenxa yokuthi izinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe ezineminyango eminingi zisebenzisa ukuxhumana kwebhasi okuhlukile kwe-RS-485, isilawuli esikhulu esisodwa singakhipha imiyalo evulekile evumelanisiwe kuwo wonke amayunithi esigqila ngokunemba kwesikhathi okungcono kunemizuzwana eyi-10.Lokhu kunemba kubalulekile ekudaleni umbono wokunyakaza okuhambayo okungokwemvelo, okuhambayo kwabahamba ngezinyawo kunokuba kube yi-choreography yomnyango osebenza ngomshini.

Uchungechunge Lokuvula Nokuvala Olungahleliwe

Ukwakheka kwe-master-slave kuvumela uhlelo ukuthi lusebenzise izilandelana zokuvula ezihleliwe. Lapho umuntu ohamba ngezinyawo esebenzisa uMnyango 1, uhlelo luqala i-cascade: Umnyango 1 uvula ngokushesha, uMnyango 2 uvula ngemva kokulibaziseka kwemizuzwana engu-0.8, uMnyango 3 uvula ngemva kokulibaziseka kwemizuzwana engu-1.6, kanye noMnyango 4 uvula ngemva kokulibaziseka kwemizuzwana engu-2.4. Uchungechunge lokuvala luguqula leli phethini.Ngenxa yokuthi isivinini sokuhamba ngezinyawo singu-1.2-1.4 m/s ngokwesilinganiso ezindaweni ezisemaphasejini, le ndlela ehlelekile idala umphumela "webhande lokuhambisa" ogcina ukuhamba kwezimoto okubushelelezi ngaphandle kokuhlanganiswa.

Sisebenzise lolu chungechunge oluqondile kuphrojekthi yesitolo esikhulu eHangzhou ngo-2022, lapho iklayenti lalineminyango eyi-12 eshelelayo ezenzakalelayo ngaphesheya komgwaqo omkhulu wamamitha angu-200. Ukuhlaziywa kokuhamba kwethrafikhi ngemuva kokufakwa kuboniseUkwehla okungu-37% esikhathini sokulinda esimaphakathi sokuwela abahamba ngezinyawokanyeUkwehliswa kwamandla ngo-22%kubangelwa ukuncipha kwesikhathi sokuvula iminyango ngasikhathi sinye. Ukuhlolwa kwamandla e-HVAC kwesakhiwo kuqinisekisile ukonga minyaka yonke okungaba yi-RMB 47,000.

Ukuziphatha Okuphephile Kokwehluleka Kumanethiwekhi Aneminyango Eminingi

Esinye sezimfuneko zobunjiniyela ezibalulekile ekuvumelaniseni iminyango eminingi ukuziphatha okuphepha. Uma isilawuli esiyinhloko silahlekelwa ukuxhumana neyunithi yesigqila, isigqila kumele sibuyele ekusebenzeni okuzimele ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukuphepha.Ngenxa yokuthi umnyango ngamunye kunethiwekhi evumelanisiwe ugcina isekethe yawo yenzwa yokuphepha ezimele, iphutha lokuxhumana nenkosi alikhubazi imisebenzi yokubona izithiyo noma yokubuyela emuva kwesimo esiphuthumayo.Lo mgomo wokuklama—ukuzimela kwendawo kanye nokuxhumana okuhlangene—ubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okubalulekile kokuphepha ezibhedlela, emizileni yokubalekela umlilo, kanye nasezindaweni zokungena ezifinyeleleka kalula ezihambisana ne-ADA.

Ukuthobela Izindinganiso Zokuphepha: Okudingeka Abasebenzi Bezakhiwo Bakwazi

Ukuphepha kweminyango okuzenzakalelayo kulawulwa yizinhlangano eziningi zezindinganiso ezihambisanayo, futhi ukungalandeli imithetho kubeka engcupheni enkulu. Ake ngichaze izindinganiso ezibalulekile ezilawula amayunithi okulawula iminyango okuzenzakalelayo ezimakethe ezinkulu.

EN 16005 (iNhlangano YaseYurophu)

IIzinga elijwayelekile le-EN 16005, eyasungulwa yiKomidi LaseYurophu Lokumisa Izindinganiso (i-CEN), icacisa izidingo zokuphepha zeminyango namasango abahamba ngezinyawo asebenza ngogesi. Kumayunithi okulawula, i-EN 16005 iyala ukuthi:

• Ukutholwa kwezithiyo kumele kubangele ukubuyela emuva okugcwele (ubuncane bokuhamba kwephaneli yomnyango engu-50mm) zingakapheli imizuzwana engu-0.5 yokuthintana.
• Izinzwa zokuba khona kumele zisebenze ngaso sonke isikhathi uma umnyango uqhubeka—azikho izindlela zesikhathi “zokusetha bese ukhohlwa” ezikhubaza izinzwa zokuphepha ngezikhathi ezithile
• Ukusebenza kokuma okuphuthumayo kumele kumise ngokushesha ukuhamba komnyango futhi kuvimbele ukuqala kabusha ngokuzenzakalelayo kuze kube yilapho usetha kabusha ngesandla
• Amayunithi okulawula kumele abhale phansi izimo zamaphutha ukuze kubuyekezwe ukulungiswa, okungenani isikhathi sokugcina izingodo sezinsuku ezingu-30

I-UL 325 (e-United States naseCanada)

IIzinga elijwayelekile le-UL 325kusuka ku-Underwriters Laboratories ilawula ukuphepha kwezinhlelo zeminyango ezizenzakalelayo zezentengiselwano nezezimboni eNyakatho Melika. Indinganiso ihlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezintathu zabasebenzi besango/iminyango, kanye nezidingo ezithile zomuntu ngamunye.Ngenxa yokuthi i-UL 325 idinga ukuthi amayunithi okulawula iminyango azenzakalelayo ahlolwe futhi afakwe ohlwini lwezinkampani zangaphandle, abaqhubi bezakhiwo kumele baqinisekise ukuthi iyunithi yabo yokulawula inophawu lwe-UL olusebenzayo ngaphambi kokufakwa.Lokhu akuyona nje imfuneko yamaphepha—iyunithi yokulawula engabhalisiwe ingasusa umshwalense wesakhiwo.

Ukuhlanganiswa Nezinhlelo Zokwenza Izinto Ngokuzenzakalelayo Zokwakha

Amayunithi okulawula iminyango yesimanje azenzakalelayo axhumana nezinhlelo zokwakha ezenzakalelayo (i-BAS) ngokusebenzisa amaphrothokholi ajwayelekile afaka phakathi i-Modbus RTU (RS-485), i-BACnet/IP, kanye nama-API asekelwe ku-TCP/IP. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwenza abaphathi bezikhungo bakwazi ukuqapha yonke iminyango esakhiweni kusuka kudeshibhodi eyodwa, bathole izexwayiso zamaphutha ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi basebenzise amashejuli okufinyelela asekelwe esikhathini.Ngenxa yokuthi i-Modbus RTU iyiphrothokholi evuthiwe, ebhalwe kahle enamashumi eminyaka okusetshenziswa kwezimboni, isalokhu iyinketho yokuhlanganisa esekelwa kakhulu kuzo zombili izinhlelo ze-BAS ezindala nezintsha.Uma ngicacisa amayunithi okulawula ephrojekthi yokuhlanganiswa kwe-BAS, ngihlala ngiqinisekisa ukwesekwa kwephrothokholi kokubili nomkhiqizi wesilawuli somnyango kanye nomthengisi we-BAS—amamephu okubhalisa angahambisani angenye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokwehluleka kokuhlanganiswa.

Ukukhetha Iyunithi Yokulawula Iminyango Ezenzakalelayo Efanele: Uhlaka Lwezinqumo Ezisebenzayo

Ngemva kokuphatha imibuzo eminingi yephrojekthi yezinhlelo zeminyango ezenzakalelayo kuzo zonke izikhungo zezentengiselwano, zomphakathi, nezezimboni, ngithuthukise uhlaka lwezinqumo olusebenzayo olusiza amaqembu okuthenga amaphrojekthi ukuthi akhethe iyunithi yokulawula efanele ukusetshenziswa kwawo okukhethekile.

Ukuhlolwa Komthamo Wethrafikhi

Inqubo yokuqala nebaluleke kakhulu yokucacisa ivolumu yethrafikhi yansuku zonke elindelekile. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzisa ithrafikhi ephansi (ezingaphansi kwemijikelezo engu-500 ngosuku) zivame ukusebenza nabalawuli abayisisekelo abasebenzisa isikhathi, kodwa ngokuvamile ngincoma amayunithi asekelwe kuma-microprocessor ngisho nasekufakweni okuncane ngoba iprimiyamu yezindleko incane futhi ukuthuthukiswa kokuthembeka kukhulu.Ekufakweni kwethrafikhi ephakathi nendawo (imijikelezo engu-500-2,000 ngosuku), isilawuli se-microprocessor esine-logic yokuzivumelanisa nezimo siyimpoqo ngempela.—ukwehluka kwethrafikhi ngesikhathi samahora aphezulu kanye nangaphandle kwamahora aphezulu kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izinhlelo ze-logic ezihleliwe zingaphatha kahle.

Ukufakwa kwezimoto ezithwala abantu abaningi (ngaphezu kwemijikelezo engu-2,000 ngosuku) njengezikhumulo zezindiza, imihubhe emikhulu yezibhedlela, kanye neminyango yezitolo ezinkulu kudinga ngempela abalawuli abasebenzisa ama-microprocessor abanekhono lokuvumelanisa iminyango eminingi. Ukonga amandla kuphela okuvela ekuzivumelaniseni kahle kwesikhathi sokubamba kuzobuyisa iphrimiyamu yezindleko zingakapheli izinyanga ezingu-18-24.

Izimo Zemvelo

Izimo zemvelo endaweni yokufaka zithinta ngqo ukukhethwa kwesilawuli kanye nemoto. Izindawo zokushisa okukhulu (−20°C kuya ku-+50°C ububanzi bokusebenza) zidinga ukuphathwa okuthuthukisiwe kokushisa kwemoto kanye nama-algorithms aguquguqukayo esimweni sezulu esibandayo. Izindawo zasogwini ezinosawoti omningi zidinga izindawo zokuvala zemoto kanye neyunithi yokulawula ezilinganiselwe ekuvikelweni kokungena kwe-IP54 okungenani. Izindawo zezimboni ezinokungcola kwezinhlayiya zidinga amashejuli okuhlanza izinzwa athuthukisiwe kanye nokuthuthukiswa okungenzeka kube yinzwa ye-infrared-to-camera-to-camera ukuze kuncishiswe amazinga okubangela amanga.

Izidingo Zokuhlanganiswa

Uma uhlelo lweminyango kumele luhlangane ne-BAS ekhona, ukwesekwa kwephrothokholi yokuhlanganisa kuba yindlela yokukhetha eyinhloko—okungenzeka idlule ezinye izincazelo. Ngihlala ngibuza amaqembu okuthenga amaphrojekthi imibuzo emithathu ngaphambi kokuncoma iyunithi yokulawula: (1) Yimuphi umthetho osekelwa yi-BAS ekhona? (2) Ingabe umthengisi we-BAS unikeza amadokhumenti okuhlanganisa asemthethweni abalawuli beminyango beqembu lesithathu? (3) Ingabe ithimba lokuphatha izakhiwo likulungele ukugcina nokuxazulula ukuhlanganiswa phakathi nesikhathi sokusebenza sesistimu seminyaka eyi-15-20?

Izindlela Ezinhle Zokulungisa Izinhlelo Zokulawula Iminyango Ye-Microprocessor

Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zezinhlelo zokulawula iminyango ezisekelwe kuma-microprocessor ukuthi zikhiqiza idatha yokuxilonga evumela ukulungiswa okusekelwe ezimweni kunokulungiswa okusekelwe ekhalendeni. Lokhu kushintsha kusuka ekulungisweni okusebenzayo kuya ekulungisweni okubikezelayo kuguqula indlela abaqhubi bezikhungo abaphatha ngayo izinhlelo zeminyango ngezinga elikhulu.

Iphrothokholi Yokulungisa Yekota

Njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-90, uchwepheshe ofanelekayo kufanele enze lokhu okulandelayo: ukuqinisekiswa kokulinganiswa kwensimu yokubuka kwenzwa (ukusebenzisa iphaneli yokuhlola ukuqinisekisa izindawo zokuthola ukuthi zihambisana nemininingwane yomkhiqizi), ukuhlolwa kokuxhumanisa ngomshini (ukuhlola ukuqina kwebhande, ukuqondanisa kwe-pulley, kanye nokuguguleka kweketanga), ukuqinisekiswa kwe-torqe yokuxhumeka kukagesi (ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izikulufu ze-terminal block zihlala ziphephile), kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwenguqulo ye-firmware (ukuhlola izibuyekezo ezitholakalayo ezivela kumkhiqizi).Ngenxa yokuthi iyunithi yokulawula i-microprocessor igcina ilogi yokubala imijikelezo, uchwepheshe angaqinisekisa ukuthi ukubala kwemijikelezo yangempela kufana namanani alindelekile eshejuli yokulungisa—uma imijikelezo iphakeme kakhulu noma iphansi kunalokho obekulindelwe, kungase kubonise ukuzulazula kokulinganisa inzwa noma iphutha lokuhlela ukulawula ukufinyelela.

Isibuyekezo Sempilo Yesistimu Saminyaka Yonke

Kanye ngonyaka, ngincoma isibuyekezo esibanzi sezempilo yesistimu esihlanganisa uhlelo lokusebenza lokubuyekeza i-firmware (izibuyekezo zomkhiqizi zivame ukufaka ukuthuthukiswa kwe-algorithm yokuphepha kanye nemingcele emisha yokufunda ngokwakho), ukuqinisekiswa kwesisekelo sokudonsa kwamanje kwe-motor (ukuqhathanisa nedatha yokuqala yokuthumela ukuze kutholakale ukuwohloka kokujikeleza), kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwesikhathi kweminyango eminingi okuvumelanisiwe (ukusebenzisa i-oscilloscope noma i-logic analyzer ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isikhathi seminyango sihlala ngaphakathi kwencazelo ye-±10ms). Lokhu kubuyekezwa kwaminyaka yonke kuvame ukuthatha amahora angu-2-3 ngomnyango ngamunye futhi kubiza cishe i-RMB 800-1,200 ngomnyango ngamunye—umshwalense ophansi ngokumelene nezindleko eziphakeme kakhulu zezingcingo zesevisi ephuthumayo kanye nesikhathi sokuphumula esingahleliwe.

Ubuchwepheshe Bezimoto ze-Why24V Brushless DC Bushintsha Konke

Ukushintsha kusuka kuma-motor ane-AC brushed kuya kuma-motor angu-24V BLDC ezinhlelweni zeminyango ezizenzakalelayo kumelela olunye lwezinguquko zobuchwepheshe ezibaluleke kakhulu embonini yeminyango eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Ake ngichaze ukuthi kungani lokhu kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwesakhiwo sakho kanye nomthwalo wokulungisa.

Ama-motor e-AC avamile asetshenziswa kubasebenzisi bokuqala bezicabha ezizenzakalelayo aguqula amandla kagesi abe amandla omshini ngokusebenzisa i-commutator-brush assembly.Ngenxa yokuthi amabhulashi aqhubeka nokuxhumana ne-commutator, abhekana nokuguguleka okuqhubekayo kokungqubuzana, akhiqiza uthuli lwekhabhoni, adale ingozi yomlilo ezindaweni ezinothuli, futhi anciphisa isikhathi sokusebenza cishe emahoreni angu-5,000-8,000 ngaphambi kokuba kudingeke ukushintshwa kwebhulashi.Ezindaweni zokuhweba ezinabantu abaningi, lokhu kwakusho ukulungiswa kwezimoto minyaka yonke noma kabili ngonyaka—izindleko ezinkulu eziqhubekayo.

Imoto engu-24V BLDC iqeda ukungqubuzana kwebhulashi ngokuphelele ngokusebenzisa ukushintshashintsha kwe-elekthronikhi. Imojula ye-elekthronikhi yamandla yeyunithi yokulawula (ibhuloho le-inverter elinezigaba ezintathu) inika amandla ama-windings emoto ngokulandelana okuhle ngokusekelwe kumpendulo yesenzwa yesikhundla se-Hall-effect.Ngenxa yokuthi izingxenye ezigugile kuphela ku-BLDC motor yi-bearings, impilo yemoto ifinyelela emahoreni okusebenza angu-20,000-30,000 ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile—ukuthuthuka okuphindwe kathathu kuya kane kune-brushed AC motors.Uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso sokusebenza kahle kwamandla esingu-85-92% (uma kuqhathaniswa no-65-75% wama-motor afakwe i-AC brushed), izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi esikhathini seminyaka eyi-15 zisekela kakhulu izinhlelo ezisekelwe ku-BLDC.

Ucwaningo Lwephrojekthi Yangempela: Inethiwekhi Yomnyango We-ICU Corridor Corridor Yasesibhedlela

Ngo-2023, sahlinzeka ngenethiwekhi eneminyango engu-8 evumelanisiwe yesibhedlela esisha eNingbo esebenza njengesibonelo esifundisayo sokulawulwa kweminyango ye-microprocessor ekusetshenzisweni okubalulekile kokuphepha. Umzila we-ICU wesibhedlela uxhumanisa amakamelo okuhlukaniswa amane kanye nezingxenye ezimbili zewadi ezijwayelekile—indawo ebaluleke kakhulu lapho ukusebenza kweminyango kuthinta ngqo ukuphepha kwesiguli kanye nezinqubo zokulawula ukutheleleka.

Imininingwane yephrojekthi yayidinga ukuthi yonke iminyango eyisishiyagalombili isebenze ngendlela ehlelekile ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile kodwa ivumele ukulawula okuzimele ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo (ikhodi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukuphuma emlilweni). Amayunithi ethu okulawula e-YF150 ane-firmware yokuvumelanisa eneminyango eminingi ahlangabezane nazo zombili izidingo: isilawuli esikhulu siqondise ukulandelana kokuvula okuhleliwe ngesikhathi sethrafikhi evamile, kuyilapho iphaneli yokulawula yendawo yomnyango ngamunye ivumela ukuguqulwa okuzimele ngokusebenzisa okokufaka okuphuthumayo okuzinikele.Ngenxa yokuthi i-BAS yesibhedlela yayidinga ukuhlanganiswa kwe-BACnet/IP, silungiselele imephu yezinto ze-BACnet yeyunithi ngayinye yokulawula ukuze iveze isimo somnyango, inani lomjikelezo, ikhodi yamaphutha, kanye nesimo sokushintsha okuphuthumayo.—okuvumela umqhubi wesiteshi sokunakekela abahlengikazi ukuthi aqaphe yonke iminyango eyisishiyagalombili kusuka ku-interface eyodwa yesithombe.

Ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-14 zokusebenza, ithimba lezikhungo zesibhedlela libike ukuthi akukho zincingo zesevisi eziphuthumayo ezihlobene nenethiwekhi yeminyango, isilinganiso semijikelezo yeminyango engu-340 ngosuku kuzo zonke iminyango eyisishiyagalombili, kanye nesilinganiso sokwaneliseka kwesiguli esingu-4.7/5.0 sokufinyeleleka komzila. Lo msebenzi ubonisa ukuthi izinhlelo zeminyango ezilawulwa yi-microprocessor, uma zichazwe kahle futhi ziqaliswe kahle, ziletha amazinga okuthembeka afanele izindawo zezentengiselwano ezidinga kakhulu.

Amaphutha Okucaciswa Okuvamile kanye Nendlela Yokuwagwema

Eminyakeni yami yokusekela ukuthengwa kwamaphrojekthi omhlaba wonke kwezinhlelo zeminyango ezenzakalelayo, ngibhale uhlu lwamaphutha emininingwane aphindaphindayo aholela ekufakweni okungasebenzi kahle, ukweqiwa kwesabelomali, noma ukwehluleka kokuthobela imithetho yokuphepha.

Iphutha 1: Ukukhetha Amayunithi Okulawula Ngokusekelwe Kumandla Emoto Kunokwakheka Kokulawula

Amaqembu okuthenga amaphrojekthi avame ukugxila ezilinganisweni zamandla ezimoto (isb., “imoto engu-500W”) njengenqubo yawo eyinhloko yokukhetha. Le ndlela ayiqondile ngokuphelele.Ngenxa yokuthi ikhono lokucubungula leyunithi yokulawula, ubuhlakani be-algorithm yokuzifundela, kanye nemisebenzi yokuqapha ukuphepha kunquma ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwesistimu, lezi zimfanelo eziqhutshwa yisofthiwe zibaluleke kakhulu kunencazelo yamandla aluhlaza enjini.Injini ye-A250W BLDC eqhutshwa yisilawuli se-microprocessor esihlakaniphile izodlula injini ye-750W AC eqhutshwa yisilawuli sesikhathi esiyisisekelo kuzo zonke izindlela ezinengqondo: ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, ulwazi lomsebenzisi, umthwalo wokulungisa, kanye nokuhambisana nokuphepha.

Iphutha 2: Izinzwa Zokuphepha Ezingacaci Kahle Zokungena Okunethrafikhi Ephakeme

Izinzwa zokunyakaza eziyisisekelo ze-infrared zibona ukuba khona ngaphakathi kwensimu yokubuka echaziwe, kodwa azikwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi komuntu omile endaweni yesensa (okusho ukuthi umnyango kufanele uhlale uvulekile) nomuntu ohamba ngezinyawo odlulayo umzimba wakhe uphazamise ugongolo isikhashana (okusho ukuthi umnyango kufanele uvale).Ngezindlela zokungena ezinabantu abaningi lapho ukuhamba kwabahamba ngezinyawo kucishe kuqhubeke, inzwa ehlanganisiwe—ukunyakaza kwe-infrared kanye ne-radar ye-microwave—inikeza ukutholakala kwemodi ephindwe kabili okudingekayo ukuvimbela ukujikeleza kweminyango okuyinkinga ngenkathi kugcinwa ukumbozwa okuphephile okugcwele.Ukunciphisa ikhwalithi yenzwa ukuze wonge i-RMB 200-400 ngomnyango ngamunye kuwumnotho wamanga obonakala njengezikhalazo zamakhasimende eziqhubekayo kanye nokuguguleka okusheshayo kwemishini.

Iphutha 3: Ukunganaki Ukuhlanganiswa Kweminyango Eminingi Ezicelweni Zomhubhe

Ukucacisa izilawuli zeminyango ezizimele zohlelo lokusebenza lomhubhe ngoba "umnyango ngamunye usesijikelezweni sawo" akunaki izinzuzo zokuphathwa kokugeleza kwabahamba ngezinyawo zokusebenza okuhlelekile. Ngisho nomhubhe olula oneminyango emibili uyazuza ekuxhumaniseni okuyinhloko nesigqila: lapho uMhubhe A uvula, uMhubhe B ungagcina isimo sawo samanje isikhashana ngaphambi kokugibela ibhayisikili, ukuvimbela ukungalingani kwengcindezi yomhubhe okubangela ukwehla kwesikhala kanye nokushaqeka komnyango.Ngenxa yokuthi izindleko ezingaphansi zokwengeza isilawuli esikhulu ekufakweni kweminyango emibili ngokuvamile ziyi-8-12% kuphela yezindleko zesistimu yeminyango iyonke, ulwazi lwabahamba ngezinyawo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla kuletha izikhathi zokukhokha ngaphansi kweminyaka emibili.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Iyunithi yokulawula umnyango esekelwe ku-microprocessor ifinyelela kanjani ekufundeni kwayo?

Iyunithi yokulawula umnyango esekelwe ku-microprocessor ifinyelela ekufundeni kwayo ngokuqhubeka nokuqapha amaphethini omgwaqo emnyango—imvamisa yokuvula, amahora aphezulu, kanye namazinga okuhlangana kwezithiyo—nokulungisa ama-motor torque curve, ama-acceleration ramp, kanye namabanga okubhuleka ngokufanele ngaphandle kokuhlela kabusha ngesandla. Uhlelo lusebenzisa i-algorithm yesilinganiso sokuhamba esilinganiselwe esilinganisa idatha yakamuva, esivumela ukuthi ivumelane ngokushesha nezinguquko zethrafikhi yesizini ngenkathi igcina amapharamitha ayisisekelo azinzile esikhathi eside.

Uyini umehluko phakathi komnyango olawulwa yi-microprocessor kanye nomsebenzisi womnyango oyisisekelo osebenzisa isikhathi?

Umqhubi womnyango osekelwe ku-timer ulandela amashejuli ahleliwe asethwe kusengaphambili, kanti iyunithi elawulwa yi-microprocessor iphendula ngokuguquguqukayo kudatha yesensa yesikhathi sangempela, ivumelana nomthamo wangempela wethrafikhi yezinyawo, izimo zemvelo, kanye namaphethini okuziphatha komsebenzisi. Izinhlelo ezisekelwe ku-timer azikwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwesikhathi esimatasa esidinga isikhathi eside sokubamba kanye nesikhathi sokuthula lapho ukongiwa kwamandla kuyinto eza kuqala khona; amayunithi e-microprocessor angenza lo mehluko ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokusekelwe kumaphrofayili ethrafikhi afundiwe.

Zingaki iminyango isilawuli somnyango we-microprocessor eyodwa esingavumelanisa?

Iningi labalawuli beminyango ye-microprocessor yezinga lokuhweba lisekela ukusebenza okuvumelanisiwe kweminyango emi-2 kuya kweyi-8 ngesikhathi esisodwa, besebenzisa izinqubo zokuxhumana zebhasi ze-RS-485 noma ze-CAN ukuze kugcinwe ukuhambisana kwesikhathi okunembile kuwo wonke amayunithi axhunyiwe. Izinhlelo ezineminyango engaphezu kweyi-8 ngokuvamile zidinga ukwakheka okuhlelekile okunabalawuli abaningi abaphezulu ababika kumlawuli oqondisa izinga lesakhiwo.

Yiziphi izindinganiso zokuphepha ezilawula amayunithi okulawula iminyango ezenzakalelayo ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano?

Amayunithi okulawula iminyango ngokuzenzakalelayo ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano kumele ahambisane nemithethoI-EN 16005e-European Union,I-UL 325e-United States naseCanada, kanye ne-GB 51696 eShayina. Lezi zindinganiso zigunyaza ukutholakala kwezithiyo, ukusebenza okuphuthumayo okuphambene, ukuziphatha okuphephile, kanye nezidingo zokubhalisa ukuhlolwa. Ukuthobela imithetho akuyona into ongayikhetha—ukufakwa okungaqinisekisiwe kungenza umshwalense wesakhiwo ungasebenzi futhi kudale ukuvezwa okukhulu kwesibopho.

Kungani ubuchwepheshe bemoto ye-DC engenamabhulashi engu-24V bubalulekile ekulawuleni iminyango okuzenzakalelayo?

Injini ye-DC engenamabhulashi engu-24V inikeza ukusebenza kahle kwamandla okuphezulu (ngokuvamile u-85-92%), isikhathi eside sesevisi (amahora okusebenza angaphezu kuka-20,000), kanye nokukhiqizwa kokushisa okuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nama-motor e-AC avamile, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kweminyango yezentengiselwano okuqhubekayo. I-voltage ephansi iphinde ithuthukise ukuphepha kwabasebenzi bokulungisa abangadinga ukufinyelela egumbini lenjini ngesikhathi sokulungisa.

Yikuphi ukulungiswa okudingekayo kumayunithi okulawula iminyango azenzakalelayo ahlelwe yi-microprocessor?

Amayunithi okulawula umnyango ozenzakalelayo ahlelwe yi-microprocessor adinga ukuhlolwa kwekota kokulinganiswa kwenzwa, ukuhlolwa kabili ngonyaka kokuxhumana kwemishini kanye nokuqina kwebhande, kanye nokubuyekezwa kwe-firmware yonyaka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-algorithms okuzifundela ahlala elungiselelwe. Ilogi yokuxilonga eyakhelwe ngaphakathi yeyunithi yokulawula ivumela ochwepheshe ukuthi babone izinkinga ezithuthukayo ngaphambi kokuba zibangele ukwehluleka kwesistimu, okuvumela ukushintsha kusuka ekulungiseni okusebenzayo kuya ekubikezeleni.

Ingabe abalawuli beminyango ye-microprocessor bangahlangana nezinhlelo zokwakha ezenzakalelayo (i-BAS)?

Yebo, abalawuli beminyango yesimanje be-microprocessor basekela amaphrothokholi okuhlanganisa i-Modbus RTU, i-BACnet, kanye ne-TCP/IP, okuvumela ukuxhumana okungenamthungo nezinhlelo zokwakha ezenzakalelayo zokuqapha okuphakathi, imisebenzi ehleliwe, kanye nemisebenzi yokuvalelwa eziphuthumayo. Uma ucacisa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-BAS, qinisekisa njalo ukwesekwa kwephrothokholi bese ubhalisa amadokhumenti emephu kokubili nomkhiqizi wesilawuli seminyango kanye nomthengisi we-BAS ngaphambi kokuqedela imininingwane.

Isiphetho: Umnyango Ohlakaniphile Uyindinganiso Manje

Ukushintsha kusuka kumayunithi okulawula iminyango azenzakalelayo asekelwe ku-timer kuya kuma-microprocessor akulona ukuthuthukiswa kokunethezeka—kungukushintsha okujwayelekile embonini abaqhubi bezakhiwo abangasakwazi ukukuhlehlisa.Ngenxa yokuthi i-logic yokuzivumelanisa nezimo yokufunda ngokwayo inciphisa ngqo imfucuza yamandla, inciphisa ukuguguleka kwemishini, ivimbele izehlakalo zokuphepha, futhi ikhiqize idatha yokulungisa ebikezelayo, izindleko eziphelele zomehluko wobunikazi phakathi kwamayunithi okulawula ahlakaniphile nayisisekelo ziye zaba zinhle kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezihlakaniphile.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ucacisa iminyango yesakhiwo esisha sezentengiselwano, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlola indlela yokuthuthukisa ukufakwa kweminyango endala, ukutshalwa kwezimali kubuchwepheshe bokulawula obusekelwe kuma-microprocessor kuqinisekiswa ukusebenza, ukuphepha, kanye nezinzuzo zokunakekelwa ezilethayo kuyo yonke impilo yokusebenza yokufakwa.

AtI-Ningbo Yufan Beifan Automatic Door Co., Ltd., singochwepheshe ekukhiqizeni amayunithi okulawula iminyango okuzenzakalelayo kanye nama-motor eminyango ye-DC angenamabhulashi angu-24V ezicelo zezentengiselwano, zomphakathi, kanye nezezimboni emhlabeni jikelele. Ithimba lethu lobunjiniyela lisekela abasabalalisi kanye namakhasimende okuthenga amaphrojekthi ngezincazelo zobuchwepheshe, imibhalo yokuhlanganisa, kanye nezixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ze-OEM/ODM.Uma unephrojekthi edinga amayunithi okulawula iminyango ahlakaniphile anamakhono okuzifundela wona kanye nokuvumelanisa iminyango eminingi, xhumana nathi—ngokuvamile siphendula ama-imeyili ombuzo wamazwe ngamazwe zingakapheli amahora angama-24.

Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nohlu lwemikhiqizo yethu, vakashela i-ikhathalogi yemikhiqizo yomnyango ozenzakalelayonoma hlolaUchungechunge lwe-opharetha lomnyango oshelelayo oluzenzakalelayo lwe-YF150ngezincazelo zobuchwepheshe ezithile.