Izixazululo Ezinhle Kakhulu Zomnyango Oshelelayo Ozenzakalelayo Wezakhiwo Ezinethrafikhi Ephakeme

• Iminyango yokungena enabantu abaningi idinga uhlelo lweminyango olukhethwe ngomthwalo wamabhayisikili, hhayi nje ngobukhulu bomnyango.
• Ama-operators eminyango eshelelayo azenzakalelayo avame ukulingana kahle uma imvamisa yokuvula kanye nobubanzi bomnyango kokubili kuphakeme.
• Ukulawula ukufinyelela, izinzwa zokuphepha, kanye nokufinyelela kokulungisa kubalulekile njengamandla emoto.
• Ukukhethwa kwesistimu yeminyango yezentengiselwano kufanele kulinganisele ukusebenza, ukuphepha, isikhathi sokusebenza, kanye nolwazi lomsebenzisi.
• Izimo zendawo ezifana nokujula kwekhanda, isisindo somnyango, kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla kunganquma ukuthi isisombululo sokushelela noma sokujika siyasebenza yini.

Izixazululo ezinhle kakhulu zeminyango eshelelayo ezenzakalelayo zezakhiwo ezinabantu abaningi zincike kokungaphezu kwesivinini kuphela: kumele zisekele ukusetshenziswa njalo, ukunyakaza okuzinzile, kanye nokusebenza okuphephile ngaphansi kwezimo zangempela zezentengiselwano.I-ISO 21542ibeka isiqondiso sokufinyeleleka kwezakhiwo futhi igcizelela ukujikeleziswa okusebenzisekayo, okungenazithiyo, kuyilaphoAmayunithi obude be-NIST SIKuhlala kuyinkomba yokuhlela okunembile ngobukhulu ngamamilimitha namamitha. Empeleni, umnyango oshelelayo ozenzakalelayo ocacisiwe kahle unganciphisa izithiyo ngezikhathi ezimatasa, usekele ukufinyelela kwabakhubazekile, futhi uhlanganiswe nezinhlelo zokuphepha emibhoshongweni yamahhovisi, ezibhedlela, nasezindaweni zokungena ezitolo. Uma uqhathanisa imindeni yemikhiqizo,umqhubi womnyango oshelelayo ozenzakalelayo, umqhubi womnyango wokujika ozenzakalelayo, futhiuhlelo lokulawula ukufinyelelayizindawo zokuqala ezifanele kakhulu kumaphrojekthi amaningi.

Kungani izinhlelo zeminyango ezishelelayo ezizenzakalelayo zisebenza kangcono ezindaweni zokungena ezinezimoto eziningi

Izinhlelo zeminyango ezishelelayo ezizenzakalelayo ngokuvamile ziyisinqumo esiqine kakhulu lapho isakhiwo sidinga ukudlula okuphezulu kanye nokuvinjelwa okuncane emnyango.

Iminyango eshelelayo ihamba eceleni esikhundleni sokuhamba ngaphandle noma ngaphakathi, ngakho-ke igcina indawo evulekile emzileni futhi inciphisa ukungqubuzana nabahamba ngezinyawo, izinqola, izintambo zokuthwala imithwalo kanye nemithwalo.

Leyo nzuzo yokuklama ibalulekile ezindaweni ezifana nezibhedlela, izindawo zokwamukela izivakashi emahhovisi, ezitolo ezibheke ezokuthutha, kanye nezakhiwo zezinsizakalo zomphakathi lapho imijikelezo yokuvula ephindaphindwayo ingadalula khona ngokushesha ihadiwe ebuthakathaka.

Ngakho-ke uhlelo lweminyango yezentengiselwano lokungena okumatasa kufanele luhlolwe njengohlelo lokuphatha izimoto, hhayi nje umqhubi weminyango.

Ngokombono wobunjiniyela, izinto ezibalulekile yisisindo samaqabunga, ububanzi bokuvula, imijikelezo yansuku zonke elindelekile, isilinganiso somjikelezo womsebenzi, kanye ne-logic yokulawula.

Isibonelo, uma indawo yokwamukela izivakashi ibona amaphasi angu-4,000 kuya ku-8,000 ngosuku, umqhubi, ama-roller, ithrekhi, kanye nomlawuli kufanele kukhethwe njengesethi ehambisanayo kunokuba kube yizingxenye ezizimele.

Yingakho futhi umehluko phakathi kwenjini yomnyango ozenzakalelayo kanye nomsebenzisi womnyango ozenzakalelayo ophelele ubalulekile.

Injini inikeza amandla okushayela, kodwa umqhubi uhlanganisa i-logic yokulawula, ukudlulisa, kanye nokunyakaza okuhlelekile okudingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokwethembekile kwezentengiselwano.

Kumaphrojekthi amaningi, lokho kuhlanganiswa kuwumehluko phakathi kwesikhathi esisebenza kahle kanye nezingcingo zesevisi eziphindaphindwayo.

Uma umnyango kufanele futhi usekele ukuphepha noma ukulawulwa kokufinyelela ngemuva kwamahora okusebenza, okuhlanganisa uhlelo lweminyango yezentengiselwano kanyeinzwafuthiamamojula okulawula ukufinyelelakudala ulwazi lomsebenzisi oluhlanzekile noluphephile.

Indlela yokukhetha umnyango oshelelayo ozenzakalelayo wezakhiwo zezentengiselwano

Umnyango oshelelayo ozenzakalelayo ofanele ukhethwa ngomthwalo, ukusetshenziswa, kanye nemingcele yendawo, hhayi ngokubonakala kwekhathalogi.

Qala ngesisindo seqabunga lomnyango kanye nobubanzi bokuvula, ngoba lokhu kuchaza ngqo umthamo womqhubi owudingayo.

Bese uhlola ithrafikhi yansuku zonke elindelekile, njengoba uhlelo oluqinile ngokobuchwepheshe kodwa olulinganiselwe ngebhayisikili luzohluleka esakhiweni esimatasa.

Okokugcina, qinisekisa ukujula kwekhanda, ukutholakala kwamandla, izidingo zendlela yokubaleka, kanye nokufinyelela ekulungisweni ngaphambi kokuqedela i-oda.

Kumaphrojekthi amaningi, iphutha lokuthenga liwukugxila ekucacisweni kwesihloko esisodwa ngenkathi kunganakwa indawo yokusebenza.

Umnyango wegumbi lokwamukela izivakashi othule kanye nomnyango wokungena onezimoto eziningi akuzona izinto ezifanayo, noma ngabe zombili ziyiminyango eshelelayo ezenzakalelayo.

Uma umthwalo womjikelezo uphakeme, kuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlola izingxenye ezigugile, izinsimbi zokuqondisa, ikhwalithi yebhande, kanye nokuqina komlawuli.

Uma isayithi lidinga ukusebenza okuphansi kanye nokufinyelela okulawulwayo, beka phambili uhlelo olungasebenzisana nabafundi bamakhadi, izinkinobho zokucindezela, izinzwa zokunyakaza, kanye ne-logic yokukhulula okuphuthumayo.

Kumaphrojekthi ahilela imibhoshongo yamahhovisi noma iminyango yezokwelapha,umnyango wengilazi ozenzakalelayoizinhlelo zivame ukukhethwa ngoba zigcina ukubonakala ngenkathi zisasekela ithrafikhi evame kakhulu.

Umnyango oshelelayo ozenzakalelayo uma kuqhathaniswa nomnyango oshelelayo ozenzakalelayo wezakhiwo ezinabantu abaningi

Izinhlelo zeminyango eshelelayo ezizenzakalelayo zivame ukuba ngcono ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi ngoba zandisa isikhala esisebenzisekayo futhi zinciphisa ukungqubuzana kokuvula iminyango.

Iminyango yokujikijela ezenzakalelayo isenenani, kodwa ngokuvamile ingcono kakhulu emigwaqweni emincane, amakamelo angaphakathi, noma ezimweni lapho ukuvulwa kwezakhiwo kakade kuthanda iqabunga elinamaphiko.

Isinqumo siba nzima kakhulu kumaphrojekthi okulungisa kabusha, lapho isimo sohlaka noma udonga esikhona singenza ukufakwa kokushelela kube nzima.

Kulezo zimo, umqhubi we-swing angaba uhlelo lweminyango yezentengiselwano olusebenziseka kalula noma ngabe aluyona ikhambi lethrafikhi elisebenza kahle kakhulu.

Ezakhiweni ezidinga ukugeleza okuphumelelayo kakhulu, umnyango oshelelayo ozenzakalelayo ngokuvamile uyindlela yokuqala okufanele uyihlole.

Ezakhiweni ezinesakhiwo sekhanda esilinganiselwe noma lapho umnyango usuvele uklanywe khona, umqhubi womnyango ojika ngokuzenzakalelayo angaba yisinqumo esingcono sokuqalisa.

Yingakho amaqembu amaningi obunjiniyela eqhathanisa womabiliumqhubi womnyango oshelelayo ozenzakalelayofuthiumqhubi womnyango wokujika ozenzakalelayoizinketho ngaphambi kokuba zicacise uhlelo lokugcina lokungena.

Imininingwane yobuchwepheshe ebalulekile ohlelweni lweminyango yezentengiselwano

Izincazelo eziwusizo kakhulu yilezo ezibikezela isikhathi sokusebenza, ukuphepha, kanye nezindleko zokulungisa.

Ekungeneni okunethrafikhi ephezulu, umthwalo olinganiselwe womqhubi, isivinini sokuvula, isivinini sokuvala, kanye nempendulo yokulawula kubaluleke kakhulu kunezimangalo zokumaketha.

Ukufinyeleleka kanye nokuhlela okunezilinganiso kufanele kuthathwe njengemingcele yobunjiniyela, hhayi njengemicabango yangemva kwalokho.

Ngokwesibonelo,I-ISO 21542:2011inikeza izinto zokufinyeleleka esakhiweni ezihlobene ngqo nomklamo wokungena ongenazithiyo, kanyeIzindinganiso ze-ADA 2010 Zokuklama Okufinyelelekayozisetshenziswa kabanzi kumaphrojekthi ase-US ukuqondisa ukuhlelwa komzila okucacile nokufinyelela kalula.

Uma iphrojekthi idinga ukulawulwa kokungena kanye nokuzishintshashintsha kokunyakaza, indlela efanele ivame ukubhangqa umqhubi nesethi yenzwa ehambisanayo kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo sokukhiya.

Yingakho i-inzwafuthiuhlelo lokulawula ukufinyelelangokuvamile kunquma impumelelo yangempela ngaphezu kwenjini uqobo.

Uma umnikazi wesakhiwo efuna indawo yokwamukela izivakashi enengilazi enobuhle besimanje, uhlelo lomnyango kufanele lucaciswe ukuze lusebenze kuqala bese kuthi ukubukeka kulandele.

Izimo zangempela: ukuhlela ukungena ehhovisi, esibhedlela, kanye nasezitolo

Izakhiwo ezahlukene zigcizelela umnyango oshelelayo ozenzakalelayo ngezindlela ezahlukene.

Ihhovisi lokwamukela izivakashi livame ukubeka phambili isithombe, ukuhamba kwezivakashi, kanye nokuhlanganiswa nama-turnstile noma ukufinyelela kumabheji.

Umnyango wesibhedlela ubeka phambili indlela yokuhlanzeka ngaphandle kokuthinta, ukususwa kwebhedi, kanye nokusebenza okuthembekile ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo.

Umnyango wokuthengisa ubeka phambili ukuvulwa okuvamile, ukubonakala obala, kanye nokuqina uma kuqhathaniswa nezixuku zabantu abamatasa kakhulu.

Lokhu akulona umehluko wobuhle; kuthinta ngqo ukukhetha ububanzi bomnyango, iphethini yesensa, kanye nezici zomsebenzi womqhubi.

• Izakhiwo zamahhovisi ngokuvamile zidinga ukulawulwa kokufinyelela okuhlelekile kanye nokuziphatha kokunyakaza okucwengekile.
• Izibhedlela ngokuvamile zidinga izikhala ezivulekile ezibanzi, ukusebenza ngaphandle kokuthinta, kanye nokuziphatha okuthembekile okuphepha ukwehluleka.
• Izitolo zokuthengisa ngokuvamile zidinga impendulo esheshayo, izingxenye eziqinile, kanye nokufinyelela okulula kokulungisa.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, umndeni womkhiqizo owodwa awuvamile ukulingana kahle nomnyango ngamunye.

Amaphrojekthi amaningi ezentengiselwano nawo asebenzisaumnyango wengilazi ozenzakalelayoifomethi endaweni engaphambili kwendlu kanye nesisombululo sokungena kwesevisi esihlukile sethrafikhi yangemuva kwendlu.

Lokho kuhlukaniswa kungathuthukisa kokubili ulwazi lwamakhasimende kanye nokusebenza kahle.

Uhlu lokuhlola ukufakwa nokugcinwa kweminyango yokungena enabantu abaningi

Ukufakwa kahle kungenye yezibikezelo eziqine kakhulu zokuthembeka kwesikhathi eside.

Ngisho nomnyango omuhle oshelelayo ozenzakalelayo ungasebenzi kahle uma ukulungiswa kwethrekhi, ukubekwa kwenzwa, noma izinyathelo zokuqalisa zishesha.

Izinkinga zesevisi ezivame kakhulu ezinhlelweni zeminyango yezentengiselwano zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokungcola, ama-roller agugile, ukungalingani kahle, noma ukuhlanganiswa kokufinyelela okungazinzile.

1. Qinisekisa ukujula kwekhanda, amandla odonga, kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla ngaphambi kokufakwa.
2. Qinisekisa isisindo seqabunga, ububanzi bokuvula, kanye nebanga lokuhamba uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso somsebenzisi.
3. Setha izindawo zokuthola inzwa ukuze umnyango uvuleke ngaphambi kokuxhumana nomsebenzisi.
4. Hlola indlela yokuvala izinqola, izihlalo zabakhubazekile, kanye nabahamba ngezinyawo abahamba kancane.
5. Hlola ukukhululwa okuphuthumayo, indlela yokukhiya, kanye nokuziphatha kokusekelayo.
6. Hlela ukulungiswa kokuvimbela kuma-roller, amathrekhi, amabhande, kanye nezinzwa.

Ukunakekelwa kokuvimbela kubaluleke kakhulu ezakhiweni ezinomswakama ophezulu, uthuli, noma ezisetshenziswa kakhulu nsuku zonke.

Yilapho futhi lapho okuphephile khonaizingxenye zomnyango ezizenzakalelayoiba yigugu ekusebenzeni, ngoba ukufaka esikhundleni okuhambisanayo kunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi lapho isayithi lidinga isevisi ephuthumayo.

Emsebenzini wokulungisa kabusha, ukuhambisana kufanele kuhlolwe ngaphambi kokuba iyunithi ekhona isuswe, ikakhulukazi uma iphrojekthi incike ekuvulweni kabusha ngosuku olufanayo.

Indlela izindinganiso kanye nemithetho yokufinyeleleka ethinta ngayo ukwakheka kokungena

Izindinganiso zibalulekile ngoba ziguqula izinhloso ezinhle zibe izidingo ezilinganiswayo.

Ngezindawo zokungena zezentengiselwano, indlela efanele kakhulu yokuklama ivame ukuvela ekufinyelelekeni, ukuphepha, kanye nokuvumelana okulinganayo.

I-ISO 21542:2011kuyasiza ekuhleleni ukujikeleza kwegazi okungenazithiyo, kuyilapho amaphrojekthi ase-US evame ukubhekisela ku-Isiqondiso seBhodi Yokufinyelela yase-US mayelana nokungena, iminyango, namasangoukuze kuhunyushwe ngendlela ewusizo.

Ukuze kube nokunemba okukhulu, izinkomba ze-SI ze-NIST zisekela ukuhlela okuhambisanayo ngamamilimitha namamitha, okubalulekile lapho kubalwa izindawo zokuvula, ukuhamba kweminyango, kanye nokubekezelela ukufakwa.

Umqondo oyinhloko ulula: umnyango oshelelayo ozenzakalelayo kufanele kube lula ukuwusondela, kube lula ukuwudlula, futhi kube lula ukuwubona uma uhamba.

Ezakhiweni ezinabantu abaningi, ukufinyeleleka akuyona nje ibhokisi lokuhlola ukuthobela imithetho; kuyingxenye yokuphathwa kwezimoto.

Uhlelo olubanzi, oluhlelwe kahle lweminyango yezentengiselwano lunciphisa ukuminyana futhi luthuthukisa ulwazi lwawo wonke umuntu, okuhlanganisa nabantu abanezinsiza zokuhamba, izinqola zokulethwa, kanye nemindeni enezinqola zabantwana.

Amaphutha avamile lapho uthenga umnyango oshelelayo ozenzakalelayo

Iphutha elibiza kakhulu ukukhetha umnyango ngokubukeka nokunganaki umthwalo wokusebenza.

Elinye iphutha elivamile ukucacisa umqhubi ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa isisindo seqabunga lomnyango kanye nesimo sohlaka.

Amaqembu ngezinye izikhathi ayazicacisa kahle izinzwa, bese ethola ukuthi ukuthembeka kokuvula kuyawohloka ngesikhathi sethrafikhi ephezulu.

Ekugcineni, amaphrojekthi amaningi okulungisa izinto ayahluleka ngoba ukufinyelela ekulungiseni akuzange kucatshangelwe ngesikhathi sokuklama.

• Ungacabangi ukuthi yonke iminyango eshelelayo ezenzakalelayo iyashintshwa.
• Ungakushayi indiva ukujula kwekhanda kanye nokusekelwa kwesakhiwo.
• Ungaphathi ukulawula ukufinyelela njengento yokuzikhethela uma ukuphepha kubalulekile.
• Ungafaki ngaphandle kokuhlola isimo esiphuthumayo kanye nokuziphatha okuphephile.

Uma lezi zinkinga zigwenywa, umnyango usebenza njengohlelo lwethrafikhi oluzinzile futhi awufani nenkinga yokulungisa ephindaphindayo.

Lelo yinani langempela lomnyango wokungena ohlelwe kahle onezimoto eziningi.

Isixazululo esihle kakhulu somnyango oshelelayo ozenzakalelayo ngokwecala lokusetshenziswa

Isixazululo esingcono kakhulu sincike ekutheni abantu bahamba kanjani esakhiweni.

Esibhedlela noma emtholampilo, beka phambili indawo evulekile, ukuzwa ngaphandle kokuthinta, kanye nokusebenza kahle komsebenzi okuthembekile.

Uma ufuna isakhiwo sehhovisi, beka phambili ukulawula ukufinyelela, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokuqedwa kwesakhiwo okuhlanzekile.

Ukuze uthole isitolo esidayisa izinto eziningi, beka phambili impendulo esheshayo, ukuqina, kanye nokunakekelwa okulula.

Uma umnyango ungowebhizinisi ongaphambili ohlotshiswe ngengilazi, uhlelo oluhambisanayo olwakhiwe nxazonkeumqhubi womnyango oshelelayo ozenzakalelayongokuvamile inikeza ibhalansi engcono kakhulu yokukhiqiza kanye nokubukeka.

Uma iphrojekthi iyinto entsha enobubanzi obulinganiselwe besakhiwo, kufanele ichazwe ngokucophelelaumqhubi womnyango wokujika ozenzakalelayokungaba yindlela engokoqobo kakhudlwana.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yimuphi umnyango oshelelayo ozenzakalelayo ongcono kakhulu wesakhiwo esinezimoto eziningi?

Inketho engcono kakhulu umqhubi womnyango oshelelayo ozenzakalelayo ohambisana nesisindo somnyango, ububanzi bokuvula, kanye nesidingo somjikelezo wansuku zonke.

Ngingayikhetha kanjani isistimu yeminyango yezentengiselwano ye-lobby yehhovisi?

Khetha ngokwenani lethrafikhi, izidingo zokulawula ukufinyelela, ubuhle beminyango, kanye nokufinyelela kokulungisa, bese uqinisekisa isilinganiso somsebenzisi ngaphambi kokuthenga.

Ingabe umnyango oshelelayo ozenzakalelayo ungcono kunomnyango oshelelayo ozenzakalelayo wokungena okumatasa?

Yebo, ezimweni eziningi, ngoba uhlelo olushelelayo lugcina isikhala futhi luphatha ithrafikhi ephindaphindwayo ngempumelelo enkulu.

Yiziphi izici ezibaluleke kakhulu ngomnyango wokungena onezimoto eziningi?

Isisindo somnyango, ububanzi bokuvula, ukukhuthazela komjikelezo, ukuthembeka kwenzwa, kanye nokuziphatha okuphuthumayo yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu.

Ingabe iminyango eshelelayo ezenzakalelayo ingasebenza nezinhlelo zokulawula ukufinyelela?

Yebo, zivame ukuhlanganiswa nezifundi zamakhadi, izinzwa, amaswishi anekhodi, kanye namamojula okulawula kude.

Ingabe iminyango eshelelayo ezenzakalelayo idinga ukulungiswa njalo?

Yebo, ukulungiswa kokuvimbela kubalulekile kuma-roller, ama-track, ama-sensor, kanye nezingxenye zokushayela, ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni ezimatasa.

Kunini lapho kufanele ngicabangele khona ukushintsha i-retrofit esikhundleni sokulungisa?

Ukufakwa esikhundleni ngokuvamile kufanelekile ukucatshangelwa lapho ukuhambisana kwezingxenye kukubi, isikhathi sokungasebenzi sivamile, noma uhlelo olukhona lungakwazi ukusekela isidingo samanje sethrafikhi.